Top 10 Packaging Machine Manufacturers Worldwide Di mɔdan ikɔmi de rili abop pan pak mashin dɛn. Dɛn ɔtomatik sistɛm ya, we impɔtant fɔ industri dɛn lɛk it ɛn drink, famasitik, ɛn kɔshɔma guds, de handle ɔltin frɔm filin ɛn silin to lɛbl ɛn paletizing prɔdak dɛn. As biznɛs pipul dɛn de luk fɔ mɔ efyushɔn ɛn prɛsishɔn, di wan dɛn we de mek pak mashin dɛn de kɔntinyu fɔ go bifo.
Dɛn kɔmni ya de kɔmpit fɔ mek mashin dɛn we dɔn go bifo, we dɛn kin abop pan, ɛn we go kɔntinyu fɔ de, we de kia fɔ di diman we de gro fɔ mek dɛn gɛt ay-spid ɔtomɛshɔn, fɔ ebul fɔ chenj di we aw dɛn de chenj, ɛn fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ sɔlv di prɔblɛm dɛn we de apin na di wɔl. Dɛn kin sheb di mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pak tin dɛn to difrɛn kayn dɛn, lɛk mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ ful-ɔp, mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ rayt, mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ rap, ɛn tin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mek dɛn fil fayn.
Ki takeaways .
Di wan dɛn we de mek di mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pak motoka dɛn kin mek bɔku bɔku ikwipmɛnt dɛn, frɔm mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ ful-ɔp ɛn lɛbl to layn dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pak tin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pak motoka dɛn.
Dis difrɛns de alaw dɛn fɔ sav difrɛn sɛktɔ dɛn, lɛk it ɛn drink, famasitik, ɛn i-kɔm.
Di big big kɔmni dɛn lɛk Oyang, Krones AG, Tetra Pak, ɛn Bosch Packaging Technology de domin di makit ɔlsay na di wɔl.
Di pak mashin industri na rili kɔmpitishɔn, wit manifakta dɛn we de push fɔ nyu, fast, ɛn mɔ sataynabl sɔlvishɔn dɛn.
As dimand fɔ ɔtomɛshɔn ɛn sastaynabiliti de gro, di pak mashin sɛktɔ dɔn rɛdi fɔ lɔng tɛm gro ɛn teknɔlɔji advansmɛnt.
Di wan dɛn we de dɔŋ ya na di 10 tɔp pak mashin manifakta dɛn bay dɛn makɛt shea ɛn prodak rɛnj. Dis list inklud spɔlayt dɛn ɔlsay na di wɔl, we de sav industri frɔm kɔshɔma guds to famasitik.
| Kompani Name | Country | founding yia | Main Products |
| Oyang we de na di wɔl. | Chaina | 2006 | Pepa pak, pepa prodakt, nonwoven fabrik indastri chen |
| Krones Ag na di . | Jamani . | 1951 | Filin, lebul, ɛn pak mashin dɛn . |
| Tetra Pak we yu go si. | Swizaland na di say we dɛn de. | 1951 | Di paket we dɛn pak na di kat, di mashin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ fulɔp . |
| Bosch Packaging Tech . | Jamani . | 1861 | Food ɛn Famasiutik Pakɛj Masin dɛn . |
| Syntegon teknoloji na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na . | Jamani . | 1969 | Di tin dɛn we dɛn de yuz fɔ du ɛn di tin dɛn we dɛn de yuz fɔ pak di tin dɛn . |
| IMA grup . | Itali . | 1961 | Ti, Kɔfi, Famasiutik Pakɛj |
| Koesia grup . | Itali . | 1923 | Indastrial Pakɛj, Ɔtomɛshɔn Sistem dɛn . |
| Multivac sepp Haggenmüller fɔ di wan dɛn we de wok. | Jamani . | 1961 | Vakum pak mashin dɛn . |
| Ishida Co. Ltd. | Japan . | 1893 | Wej, pak, ɛn kwaliti kɔntrol |
| Barry-Wehmiller na di . | Amɛrika | 1885 | filin, kap, lɛbl, ɛn pak tin dɛn |
1. Oyang .
Rivinyu (TTM) : ₩401.9 bilyan (~$301 milyɔn)
Net Inkam (TTM) : ₩16.53 biliɔn (~$12.4 milyɔn)
Maket Kap : ₩89.52 biliɔn (~$67 milyɔn)
Rivinyu Grɔw (Yoy) : 3.83%
Main Products : Mashin dɛn we nɔ de mek bag, pepa bag mashin dɛn, dijital printin mashin dɛn, ɛn fleksografik printin mashin dɛn.
Fokus : Eko-friɛndli Pakɛj, Sastaynɛbul Pakɛj Sɔlwɛshɔn
Introdyushɔn :
Oyang Kɔpɔreshɔn na wan big Chaynish pak mashin manifakta, we dɛn sabi fɔ in sɔbstanshal R&D invɛstmɛnt we pas $2.9 milyɔn ɛvri ia. Di kɔmni de gi wok to pas 70 injinia dɛn ɛn dɛn gɛt 280+ patɛnt. Oyang de opereyt wan stet-ɔf-di-at $30 milyɔn mashin sɛnta, we de ɛp fɔ mek in prɛsishɔn ɛn efyushɔn bɛtɛ. Di kɔmni de ɛmpɛsh eko-friɛndli pak tɛnkɔlɔji dɛn, we spɛshal pan nɔ-wɔf bag mashin ɛn pepa pak. Dɛn kɔmitmɛnt fɔ sastaynabiliti ɛn inovashɔn pozishɔn dɛn Oyang as wan glob ɔl kɔmpitɛt na di pak injɔstri.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
Tech Series Automatic Non Weven Box Bag Mek Mashin wit Handle Online
Dɛn mek dis mashin fɔ mek dɛn mek am fayn fayn wan fɔ mek bag dɛn we dɛn nɔ mek wit handel, fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ chenj di tin dɛn we dɛn print ɛn di bag dɛn we dɛn nɔ print ɛn di wan dɛn we dɛn nɔ print, ɛn dɛn kin yuz laminated ɔ nɔ-laminated matirial dɛn. I ki sɛlin pɔynt na in abiliti fɔ ɔtomayz di ɔl di prɔses, we de ridyus di leba kɔst dɛn we i de rili inkrisayz di prodakshɔn efyushɔn. Di mashin na favɔret fɔ in spid, we ebul fɔ prodyuz bɔku bɔku eko-friɛndli bag dɛn wit smɔl dawt tɛm, we mek i bi wan tɔp chuk fɔ kɔmni dɛn we de luk fɔ skel dɛn grɛn pak sɔlvishɔn dɛn.
Intɛligent pepa bag mek mashin wit twist handel :
Fast - insay 0.5mm mistek frɔm ɔl di alaynɛshɔn finish ɔl di ajɔstmɛnt dɛn insay 2 minit,nyu pozishɔn. Akchual - saiz pepa bag de kom out fo 15 minit. Strɔng - opshɔn wit dijital printin yunit, fɔ sɔlv di kwɛstyɔn bɔt sampul ɛn smɔl ɔda.
I de ɔtomayz di prɔses fɔ mek bag, handel aplikeshɔn, ɛn finish, rili ridyus di prodakshɔn tɛm ɛn leba kɔst. Dis mashin kin ebul fɔ chenj in bag kwik kwik wan insay jɔs 2 minit, ɛn di ay-spid opareshɔn we i de du de alaw fɔ mek bag insay lɛk 10 minit. I fayn fɔ biznɛs dɛn we nid sataynabul pak sɔlvishɔn fɔ shopin ɛn gift bag dɛn, fɔ jɔyn spid, prɛsishɔn, ɛn envayrɔmɛnt rispɔnsibiliti .
2. Krones AG
Rivinyu (TTM) : €4.72 bilyan
Net Inkam (2023) : €224.6 milian
EBITDA margin : 9,7%
Fri Kɛsh Flɔ : €13.2 milyɔn
Main Products : Filling, labeling, ɛn pak mashin fɔ it, drink, ɛn famasitik industri
Grɔw : Drayv bay dimand fɔ sataynabul, risɔs-efishin mashinri
Introdyushɔn :
Krones AG na wan global lida fɔ pak ɛn bɔtlin mashin, we de gi intagreted sɔlvishɔn fɔ it, drink, ɛn famasitik industri. Di kɔmni in fɔs fɔ sastaynabiliti ɛn dijitalization dɔn push in strɔng revenyu grow, wit wan tɔnɔva fɔ €4.72 bilyan insay 2023. Krones de wok fɔ pas 19,000 pipul dɛn ɔlsay na di wɔl ɛn i dɔn payɔnia inovashɔn dɛn pan sastaynɛ ɛn risɔs-efishin mashin, we mek am wan pan di tɔp glob ɔl pleya dɛn na di industri.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
Variopac Pro .
Di VariOropac Pro na wan ful ɔtomɛtik pak sistɛm we dɛn mek fɔ adap to difrɛn difrɛn tin dɛn we dɛn nid fɔ pak, lɛk trey, rap-arawnd katon, ɛn shrink-wrapped fim dɛn. I modular dizain de mek shɔ se fleksibiliti fɔ difrɛn kayn pak dɛn, we ficha dɛn lɛk kwik tul-lɛs chenj ɔva de impruv ɔpreshɔnal efyushɔn. Ergonomically dizain, di VariOropac Pro de enhans rilaybiliti bak ɛn ridyus di ɔpreshɔn woklɔd, we mek i fayn fɔ di drink ɛn it industri.
3. Tetra Pak we de na di wɔl .
Rivinyu (2023) : Na lɛk €13.5 bilyan
Net Inkam : Dɛn nɔ de tɔk bɔt am na pɔblik .
Main Products : katon pak, prosɛsin, ɛn filin mashin fɔ it ɛn drink
Fokus : Sastaynabiliti Initiativs wit Rinyuebul Pakɛj Matirial ɛn Risayklin Tɛknɔlɔji
Introdyushɔn :
Tetra Pak na wan Swis-Swedish maltineshɔnal kɔpɔreshɔn, we pipul dɛn sabi fɔ in payɔnia katon pak sɔlvishɔn dɛn. Di kɔmni we dɛn bin bil insay 1951, dɔn gro to wan pan di big big kɔmni dɛn na di wɔl fɔ pak ɛn prosɛs di tin dɛn we dɛn de yuz fɔ mek it. Tetra Pak put strɔng ɛmpɛshmɛnt pan sastaynabiliti, wit fɔs pan rinuɔbal matirial ɛn inovativ risaykul sɔlvishɔn. We di kɔmni de wok na pas 160 kɔntri dɛn, i de gi di ɛtɛknɔlɔji dɛn we de pak tin dɛn we nɔ de ambɔg di eko-frenli we de mek shɔ se dɛn gɛt sef fɔ it ɛn ridyus di impak we dɛn gɛt pan di envayrɔmɛnt.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
Tetra Pak A3/Spid .
Di Tetra Pak A3/Spid na wan ay-spid filin mashin we de excel fɔ prodyuz te to 15,000 paket pan awa. Bɔku pipul dɛn kin yuz am na di it ɛn drink industri fɔ pak wata fayn fayn wan lɛk milk ɛn jus. Di mashin de gi fleksibiliti wit kwik fɔmat chenj, we de mek i fayn fɔ mek dɛn prodyuz ay-volyum we yu de yuz sataynabul, risaykul matirial.
4. Bosch Packaging Teknɔlɔji (Syntegon Tɛknɔlɔji)
Rivinyu : Na lɛk. €1.3 bilyan
Main Products : Packaging and processing solutions fɔ di it ɛn famasitik sɛktɔ dɛn .
Divεlכpmεnt rεsεnt : fכkus pan dijitalizεshכn εn sastaynabiliti-drivεn sכlushכn dεm fכ smat pak
Introdyushɔn :
Bosch Packaging Technology, we dɛn ribrand as Syntegon Technology , de gi advans pak ɛn prɔsesin sɔlvishɔn fɔ di it ɛn famasitik sɛktɔ dɛn. Wit wan revenyu we na lɛk €1.3 bilyan, di kɔmni de pe atɛnshɔn pan sastaynabiliti ɛn dijital, we de gi kɔt-ɛj ikwipmɛnt fɔ smat pak. Syntegon in kɔmitmɛnt fɔ sataynabul ɛn efishɔnal sɔlvishɔn de pozishɔn am as lida na di glob ɔl pak industri.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
SVE 2520 AR .
Di SVE 2520 AR na wan vertikal fɔm-fil-sil mashin we dɛn sabi fɔ in kɔmpakt dizayn ɛn versatility. Dɛn mek am fɔ pak difrɛn tin dɛn we dɛn mek wit difrɛn bag stayl dɛn, we go mek i fayn fɔ di it dɛn, di famasitik, ɛn di kɔsmɛtik industri dɛn. I ɛmpɛshmɛnt pan eko-friɛndli ɛn dijital sɔlvishɔn dɛn de ɛp fɔ mek di prodaktiviti bɛtɛ ɛn i de mek di envayrɔmɛnt impak smɔl.
5. Syntegon teknɔlɔji .
Rivinyu : Na lɛk. €1.3 bilyan
Main Products : Processing ɛn pak ikwipmɛnt fɔ di it, fama, ɛn wɛlbɔdi industri
Fokus : Sastaynabiliti ɛn Indastri 4.0 Dijital Sɔlwɛshɔn
Introdyushɔn :
Syntegon teknɔlɔji, we bin de bifo na Bosch Packaging, na wan global lida fɔ pak sɔlvishɔn, mɔ fɔ di it ɛn famasitik sɛktɔ. Wit wan revenyu we na €1.3 biliɔn, di kɔmni de pe atɛnshɔn pan sastaynabiliti ɛn smat ɔtomɛshɔn. Syntegon in sɔlv dɛm na fɔ mit di chalenj dɛm fɔ di mɔdan pak wit ɛmpɛshimɛnt pan Indastri 4.0 Tɛknɔlɔji dɛm, we de mek shɔ se dɛn gɛt ay efyushɔn ɛn smɔl envayrɔmɛnt impak.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
Elematik 2001
Di elematic 2001 kes Packer de gi rili kɔstɔmayz pak sɔlvishɔn fɔ di it ɛn famasitik sɛktɔ dɛn. I modular dizain de sɔpɔt difrɛn pak fɔmat dɛn, we de mek shɔ se prɛsishɔn ɛn efyushɔn. Di elematic 2001 na wan we dɛn sabi fɔ ridyus mistek ɛn optimize pak spid, we mek i bi go-to sɔlvishɔn fɔ di manifakta dɛn.
6. IMA Grup .
Di mɔni we dɛn go gɛt : €1.7 bilyan
Net Inkam : Nɔto pɔblik wan de
Main Products : Ti, Kɔfi, Famasiutiks Packaging Solutions
Fokus : Ɔtomɛshɔn, Sastaynabiliti, ɛn Fleksibul insay Pakɛj Tɛknɔlɔji dɛn
Introdyushɔn :
IMA Grup, we na wan Italiyan kɔmni, na wan bigman na di wɔl fɔ disayn ɛn mek pak mashin dɛn fɔ di famasitik, it, ti, ɛn kɔfi sɛktɔ. Wit wan revenyu we na €1.7 biliɔn, IMA de pe atɛnshɔn pan ɔtomɛshɔn ɛn eko-friɛndli pak tɛnkɔlɔji dɛn. Dɛn inovativ sɔlvishɔn dɛn de ɛmpɛsh sastaynabiliti ɛn fleksibiliti, we de mek dɛn bi prɛferɛd patna na bɔku industri dɛn ɔlsay na di wɔl.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
C-240 ti bag pak mashin .
Di C-240 we kɔmɔt na IMA Grup na wan big mashin we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pak ti we dɛn kin yuz fɔ pak ti we gɛt tu chɛmba ti bag dɛn we gɛt tag, string, ɛn ɛnvilɔp dɛn we de na do. Dis mashin de gi ay-spid, prɛsishɔn pak we de minimiz west, we de mek i fayn fɔ mek dɛn prodyuz ti we go kɔntinyu fɔ de.
7. Koesia grup .
Di mɔni we dɛn go gɛt : €1.6 bilyan
Main Products : Ɔtomɛshɔn Sistem, Indastrial Pakɛj, ɛn Lebul Sɔlwɛshɔn
Fokus : Ekspanshɔn insay Smart Ɔtomɛshɔn ɛn Dijitalization
Introdyushɔn :
Coesia Grup na wan Italiyan-based global lida fɔ industrial ɔtomɛshɔn ɛn pak mashin. Di kɔmni de gi advans pak sɔlvishɔn fɔ difrɛn sɛktɔ dɛn we inklud it, kɔsmɛtik, ɛn famasitik. Wit wan revenyu we na €1.6 biliɔn, Coesia de pe atɛnshɔn pan smat ɔtomɛshɔn ɛn dijital, we de kɔntinyu fɔ invɛst insay kɔt-ɛj tɛnkɔlɔji dɛn fɔ mek di ɔpreshɔnal efyushɔn ɛn sastaynabiliti go bifo.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
ACMA CW800 na di .
Di ACMA CW800 na wan top-ɔf-di-layn pak mashin fɔ kɔnfɛkshɔn prɔdak dɛm, we dɛn sabi fɔ in ay-spid, prɛsishɔn wrap kapabiliti dɛm. Dɛn mek am fɔ mek dɛn prodyuz big big wan, ɛn i de handle difrɛn prɔdak shep dɛn we i de mek shɔ se i nɔ pwɛl smɔl ɛn rap pafɛkt wan, we mek i impɔtant fɔ di kɔnfɛkshɔn industri.
8. Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller we de na di .
Di mɔni we dɛn go gɛt : €1.2 bilyan
Main Products : Vakum pak mashin, lebul sistem .
Fokus : Eko-friɛndli Pakɛj Sɔlwɛshɔn ɛn Dijital Transfɔmeshɔn
Introdyushɔn :
Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller na wan global lida fɔ vaykum pak sistɛm, wit revenyu we na €1.2 bilyan. Speshal in fud, mεdikal, εn industrial pak sכlushכn, Multivac na wan we dεn no fכ in advans vεkyum pak εn lεbul sistεm dεm. Di kɔmni in fɔs pan eko-friɛndli tɛnkɔlɔji ɛn dijital transfɔmeshɔn de mek am wan impɔtant pleya fɔ sataynabul pak inovashɔn dɛn ɔlsay na di wɔl.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
R 245 na di .
Di R 245 Vacuum Packaging Machine na fɔ kɔstɔmayz, ay-efyushɔn pak sɔlvishɔn dɛn na di it, mɛdikal, ɛn industrial sɛktɔ dɛn. I modular dizayn alaw fɔ wan big rɛnj ɔf fɔmat, we de gi fleksibiliti, rilaybiliti, ɛn ɛkstend prodak shelf layf.
9. Ishida Kɔ Ltd.
Rivinyu : ¥145 biliɔn (~$1.3 bilyan)
Main Products : Wej, pak, ɛn inspekshɔn ikwipmɛnt, mɔ fɔ it
Fokus : Ɔtomɛshɔn ɛn Kwaliti Kɔntrol Inovashɔn dɛn we dɛn de yuz fɔ pak tin dɛn fɔ it
Introdyushɔn :
Ishida Co. Ltd., we na wan Japan kɔmni, na wan big big kɔmni we de bifo pan wej, pak, ɛn kwaliti kɔntrol sɔlvishɔn, mɔ fɔ di it industri. Wit revenyu we na ¥145 biliɔn, dɛn sabi Ishida fɔ in prɛsishɔn ɛn rilaybiliti insay pak ɔtomɛshɔn. Di kɔmni in nyu tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn mek fɔ wej ɛn inspekshɔn sistɛm dɛn we gɛt bɔku bɔku ed ɛn inspekshɔn, de mek i bi nem we dɛn kin trɔst fɔ mek shɔ se dɛn gɛt kwaliti fɔ pak tin dɛn fɔ it.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
CCW-RV siris multihead weigher dɛn .
Di CCW-RV siriɔs frɔm Ishida na wan layn fɔ multihead weigher dɛn we dɛn sabi fɔ dɛn ay akkuracy, spid, ɛn durabiliti in fud pak. Di mashin dɛn de handle wan big rɛnj ɔf prodak wit prɛsishɔn, mek shɔ se dɛn nɔ west smɔl ɛn kɔnsistɛns pat kɔntrol.
10. Barry-Wehmiller
Rivinyu : Na lɛk. $3 bilyan .
Main Products : filin, lebul, pak, ɛn matirial hanlin sɔlvishɔn dɛn
Fokus : Ɛkspɛnshɔn insay fleksibul pak ɛn sastaynabiliti sɔlvishɔn dɛn .
Introdyushɔn :
Barry-Wehmiller na wan US-based global provaida fɔ pak, label, ɛn matirial handlin sɔlvishɔn, wit revenyu we na lɛk $3 bilyan. Di kɔmni de sav industri dɛm lɛk it, drink, ɛn famasitik, we de gi nyu ɛn sataynabul pak sɔlvishɔn. Barry-Wehmiller de wok tranga wan fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ mek di fleksibul pak teknɔlɔji dɛn go bifo ɛn fɔ gi sɔlvishɔn dɛn we de ambɔg di envayrɔmɛnt to di kɔstɔma dɛn ɔlsay na di wɔl.
Di wan we de sɛl pas ɔl :
Thiele star siris bagger .
Di Thiele Star Series Bagger na wan versatile packaging mashin we dɛn mek fɔ ay-spid bagging fɔ granular prodak lɛk gren ɛn pet it. I advans ɔtomɛshɔn ficha dɛn de ɛp fɔ mek di opareshɔnal efyushɔn go bifo, we de ridyus di dawt tɛm ɛn optimizing thruput, we de mek i bi pɔpul chuk fɔ big-big manifakta dɛn.
Dɔn
Fɔ pik di rayt pak mashin manifakta na impɔtant tin fɔ drɛb ɔpreshɔnal efyushɔn ɛn biznɛs grow . Ilɛksɛf na Oyang in kɔt-ɛj tɛknɔlɔji ɔ ɔda kɔmni dɛn dikɛd ɛkspɛriɛns, dɛn big big manifakta dɛn ya de gi difrɛn bɛnifit dɛn we dɛn mek fɔ difrɛn industri nid dɛn. Bay we yu de evalyu di men tin dɛn lɛk di prɔdak versatility , kɔst-ɛfɛktiv , sastaynabiliti initiativs , ɛn di abiliti fɔ skel wit yu biznɛs, yu kin sikyurɛt wan stratejik patnaship we de ɔptimayz yu pak prɔses ɛn sɔpɔt fɔ lɔng tɛm sakrifays . Wan manifakta we dɛn dɔn pik fayn fayn wan de mek shɔ se yu pak ɔpreshɔn nɔto jɔs efyushɔn bɔt i go bi bak tumara bambay-pruf fɔ evolv makɛt dimand.
Redi fɔ ɛlevɛt yu pak ɔpreshɔn wit kɔt-ɛj , eko-friɛndli sɔlvishɔn dɛn? Oyang , we na wan lida na di pak mashin industri, de gi nyu teknɔlɔji dɛn bak bay di wɔl-klas prɛsishɔn ɛn sastaynabiliti . Wit ova 280 patɛnt ɛn wan kɔmitmɛnt fɔ ay-kwaliti manufakchurin , Oyang na di patna we yu nid fɔ drɛb efyushɔn ɛn gro na yu biznɛs.
Fɔ ɛkspɛkt gayd pan yu pak mashin manufakchurin projɛkt, kɔntak Oyang. Wi injinia dɛn we gɛt ɛkspiriɛns go ɛp yu fɔ fɛn di dizayn, di tin dɛn we dɛn go pik, ɛn di we aw dɛn de mek tin dɛn fɔ mek shɔ se dɛn gɛt di bɛst rizɔlt. Patna wit Oyang fɔ sakrifays. Wi go tek yu prodakshɔn kapabiliti to di nɛks lɛvul ..
