Plastisti
Nkuko isi irushaho kuvuga eco-uzi ubwenge, impaka hejuru yimpapuro zikanda . Iki kibazo ntabwo kijyanye nigiciro cyangwa korohereza; Byerekeranye no kumva koko habaye ingaruka zigabanya ibidukikije mugihe zisigaye zifatika.
Gucogora kwa plastike, akenshi utoneshwa kuramba no gukora neza, byerekana ibibazo bikomeye byibidukikije. Bikozwe mumikoro idashobora kongerwa, ibikoresho bya plastike bigira uruhare runini kugirango imyanda ipfundikire imyanda hamwe numwanda wa inyanja. Umusaruro wabo urimo ibiti by'ibinyabuzima, kandi akenshi barangiza nk'abacirimari, kugirira nabi ubuzima bwa Marine na Ecosystems.
Kurundi ruhande, guhagarika impapuro bigaragara nkubundi buryo burambye. Byakozwe kubikoresho bishobora kongerwa, bibora byoroshye kuruta plastike. Ariko, uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho byimpapuro birashobora kuba umutungo-uhagije wamazi n'imbaraga nyinshi. Ibi bitera kwibaza ibirenge byabo muri rusange ugereranije na plastiki.
1. Gusobanukirwa Ibyingenzi
1.1 Gutanga plastike ni iki?
Gucoshya bya plastiki bivuga ibikoresho byakozwe cyane cyane muri synthetic polymeti. Ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa ni imikoreshereze imwe kandi bukoreshwa. Koresha-inshuro imwe isanzwe ikozwe mubikoresho nka polypropylene (pp) na polystyrene (Zab). Ibi bikoresho nibirori byoroheje, bihendutse, kandi bikoreshwa cyane muri resitora yihuta nibiro byatanzwe kubwibyoroshye. Ibikoresho bya plastiki byashobokaga, akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho biramba nko gumba-ubucucike bwa polyethylene (hdpe), birashobora gukaraba no kongera gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi. Ubu bwoko butoneshwa kubiciro byayo no kuramba, bituma habaho amahitamo akunzwe kumi na picnics.
1.2 Guhagarika impapuro ni iki?
Gukata impapuro ni ubundi buryo burambye bukozwe mu mpapuro n'ikarito. Harimo ibintu nkibice, ibyuma, nibiyiko, akenshi biboneka muburyo butagaragara. Kwihatira impapuro zashizwemo kugirango byongere kurambagiza no kurwanya amazi, bigatuma bikwiranye nibiryo bitandukanye. Inyungu yibanze yo guhagarika impapuro ziri muri biodedadadariled no kongerwa isoko. Nk'impapuro zikomoka ku biti, ibikoresho bishobora kongerwa, ibyo bikoresho birashobora gufungirwa, kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije. Barushijeho gukundwa muri cafe yangiza ibidukikije nibintu aho bigabanya imyanda ya plastike nibyingenzi.
2. Isesengura ryubuzima: gukoporora impapuro
Plastique
Umusaruro n'ibidukikije
Gucoshya bya plastike byakozwe ukoresheje ibiti byibinyabuzima, amavuta ya peteroli na gaze karemano. Umusaruro urimo gukuramo ibikoresho bidasubirwaho no kubitunganya muri polymers nka polypropylene (pp) na polystyrene (Zab). Iyi nzira ni ingufu nyinshi kandi irekura imyuka nini ya parike, ikagira uruhare mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere. Byongeye kandi, gukora ibintu bya plastike bikubiyemo gusohora imyanya itandukanye, bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu.
Ingingo z'ingenzi:
Ibibazo byo gucunga imyanda
Plastique ya plastike iteze ubusambanyi bukomeye kubera imiterere itari biodegradedable. Ibi bintu birashobora gutsimbarara mubidukikije hamwe nibidukikije byimyaka amagana. Iyo bihuriye nabi, bagira uruhare mu kwanduza inyanja, bamenagura microplastike. Ibi bice bito birashobora kwinjira murunigi rwibiryo, bigira ingaruka ku nyamaswa n'ubuzima bwa muntu.
Ingingo z'ingenzi:
Gukata impapuro
Inganda
Gukata impapuro, mubisanzwe bikozwe mu mpapuro cyangwa ikarito, bisaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Umusaruro utangirana no gusarura ibiti, ukurikirwa no gukurura impapuro. Mugihe isoko ishobora kongerwa, inzira itwara amazi ningufu. Ikirenge cyibidukikije kiri munsi yukuntu plastiki, ariko biracyasaba imicungire yumutungo wirinda kwirinda amashyamba no gukoresha imbaraga zikabije.
Ingingo z'ingenzi:
Inkomoko y'ibintu: Kongera (ibiti)
Ingufu n'amazi Gukoresha: Birakomeye
Ingaruka y'ibidukikije: munsi ya pulasitike ariko iracyari nyinshi
Biodegradadinditabogamiye no gutunganya
Imwe mubyiza nyamukuru byimpapuro zo guhagarika impapuro ni Biodegradableletable. Mu bihe bibereye, birashobora kubora mu byumweru bike kugeza amezi, kugabanya ingaruka z'igihe kirekire. Ariko, gukata impapuro zose ntabwo byoroshye kubikorwa, cyane cyane abafite amawa yo kuzamura iramba. Ibi bice birashobora kubangamira inzira yo gutunganya, bisaba ibikoresho byihariye kugirango ubatandukane nimpapuro.
Ingingo z'ingenzi:
Biodegradadindite: Hejuru (Mubihe Byateganijwe)
Gusubiramo ibibazo: Impapuro zanditse zirashobora kugorana gusubiramo
Inyungu z'ibidukikije: Imibereho ngufi mu bidukikije ugereranije na plastike
Imbonerahamwe:
| Ikiranga | zo guhagarika plastike | impapuro |
| Inkomoko y'ibintu | Kutubashakirwa (ibihangano byimbeho) | Kongerarwaho (ibiti) |
| Ingaruka | Ibyuka byo hejuru bya Greenhouse | Munsi, ariko biracyafite akamaro |
| Biodegradable | Nta na kimwe | Hejuru (mubihe bikwiye) |
| Gucunga imyanda | Kwihangana igihe kirekire | Kubora mu mezi |
| Gutunganya | Bigarukira | Bigoye hamwe nubwoko bwanditse |
| Ingaruka y'ibidukikije | Ingenzi, gushikama | Yagabanutse, biterwa no kujugunya |
3. Ifumbire na biodegradavidable ibikoresho byoroheje
Plastique
Kubura Biodegradable
Gucoshya bya plastiki birazwi kugirango bidashobora kuba biodegrade. Ibi bivuze ko idasenyuka uko mugihe runaka, biganisha kubibazo byigihe kirekire. Iyo bijugunywe, ibikoresho bya plastike birashobora kuguma mu bidukikije imyaka amagana, bigira uruhare mu guhugira ubutabazi. Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ni ugushiraho microplastike-ntoya ya plastike ituruka ku gusenyuka ibintu binini bya plastiki. Aba microstics barashobora kwanduza ubutaka n'amazi, bitanga ingaruka kumaboko no kwinjira mu ruhererekane rw'ibiryo.
Ibibazo by'ingenzi:
Gukata impapuro
IFITE
Gukata impapuro, bitandukanye, gutanga inyungu zikomeye mubijyanye na biodedadaribone. Byakozwe kubutunzi bushoboka, ibikoresho byimpapuro birashobora gusenyuka vuba mubihe byiza. Iyo ufunzwe neza, guhagarika impapuro birashobora kubora mumezi make. Ariko, iyi nzira isaba ibihe byihariye, nkibihe byubushuhe no mu kirere, ntabwo buri gihe bitangwa mumyambaro isanzwe. Byongeye kandi, guhagarika impapuro hamwe na plastike cyangwa inyongera ntibishobora kuri composte byoroshye, bigoye guta imyanda.
Ingingo z'ingenzi:
Ibindi bikoresho
Imigano n'ibiti
Imigano n'ibiti bigereranya ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kuri plastiki nimpapuro. Ibi bikoresho birasanzwe bizima kandi bikuza, akenshi bitandukana byihuse kuruta impapuro. Umugano, kuba umutungo byihuse, ukura vuba kandi ntibisaba imiti yica udukoko cyangwa ifumbire. Ibi bituma imigano yo kwiyoka ntabwo ari inkuba ikiyikane gusa ahubwo iramba. Ibikoresho byimbaho nabyo bivanga mubisanzwe kandi ntibirekurwa imiti ya sintetike, ibaha neza ibidukikije nubuzima.
Ibyiza:
Biod Biodegradabletable : Gucika vuba kuruta impapuro.
Kuramba : imigano nuburyo bushoboka.
Ubuntu-Ubuntu : Ntayongereyeho ya Sintekoke, umutekano kubidukikije.
Imbonerahamwe:
| Ikiranga | imigano | impapuro zo gutunganya | imigano / guhiga ibiti |
| Biodegradable | Nta na kimwe | Hejuru (munsi y'ibintu) | Hejuru cyane |
| Igihe cyo kuboneza | Ibinyejana byinshi | Amezi (niba ibifu) | Ibyumweru kugeza amezi |
| Ingaruka y'ibidukikije | Hejuru (microplastika) | Munsi, ariko hakenewe comficund | Hasi (gutesha agaciro kamere) |
| Kuramba | NTIBISANZWE | Kongera | Kongera birashobora kuvugururwa cyane |
4. Impungenge zubuzima n'umutekano hamwe no gutunganya
Plastique
Umutekano wa Shimil
Gucoshya bya plastiki akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho nka polypropylene na polystyrene, bishobora gutera ingaruka zubuzima, cyane cyane iyo uhuye nubushyuhe. Iyo ibiryo bishyushye bihuye nibikoresho bya plastike, hari impungenge zijyanye no gukurura imiti. Ibintu byangiza nka BPA (Bisphenol a) na Phthalates birashobora kwimukira mu biryo, bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuzima. Iyi miti izwiho guhungabanya imikorere ya endocrine kandi yahujwe nibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima, harimo nubusumbane bwa hormonal no kongera ibyago bya kanseri. Abaguzi bakeneye kumenya ibyo byiringiro, cyane cyane iyo bakoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo kurya n'ibinyobwa bishyushye.
Gukata impapuro
Umutekano mu gukora
Gukata impapuro muri rusange bifatwa nkibinyoma ukurikije imiti. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko inzira yo gukora itamenyekanisha imiti yangiza. Gukata impapuro zihenze bigomba kuba bidafite inyongeramukingo zidasanzwe na dyes. Ibikoresho bimwe byimpapuro byashizwemo kugirango birusheho kuramba nubushuhe. Ibi bice bigomba kuba uburozi kandi bifite umutekano kubiryo. Umutekano wimpapuro ahanini biterwa nibikoresho byakoreshejwe nibipimo ngenderwaho byubahijwe nabakora ibicuruzwa. Kugenzura niba amabwiriza yumutekano wibiribwa ari ngombwa kugirango akumire ingaruka zose zishoboka.
Imigano n'ibiti
Umutekano Kamere
Umugano na Contelery y'ibiti bitanga inyungu zikomeye z'ubuzima kubera ibigize. Bitandukanye na plastike, ibi bikoresho ntabwo birimo imiti yubukorikori, ibakora amahitamo meza yo kubona ibiryo. Imigano n'Ibiti bisanzwe antibacterial kandi ntugatere ibintu byangiza mu biryo. Ntabwo bafite umudendezo wa BPA, PHTHAALATES, nibindi bikoresho byuburozi bikunze kuboneka muri plastiki. Ibi bibatera amahitamo meza kubashaka kugabanya ibintu bya chimique. Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikoresho ni bizima kandi byinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije, hiyongereyeho kujurira nkamahitamo arambye yo guhagarika umutima.
Imbonerahamwe:
| Ikiranga | imigano | impapuro zo gutunganya | imigano / guhiga ibiti |
| Umutekano wa Shimil | Ibyago byo gukurura imiti (BPA, PHTHALATES) | Mubisanzwe umutekano, reba kubice bitari uburozi | Nta miti ya sintetike, mubisanzwe umutekano |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe | Irashobora kugira ingaruka zishyushye | Umutekano iyo bikozwe ku mahame | Mubisanzwe Kwihanganira ubushyuhe |
| Ingaruka y'ibidukikije | Hejuru, ntabwo biodedadatable | Hepfo, biodegraduable | Hasi cyane, biodegrafiya no kongerwa |
5. Ibitekerezo byubukungu nibisobanuro
Isesengura rya Kera
Plastique
Gucoshya bya plastiki akenshi byatoranijwe kubiciro byo hasi kandi biboneka cyane. Gukora ibikoresho bya plastic bihendutse kubera ikiguzi gito cyibikoresho fatizo nka polypropylene na polystyrene. Ubu buryo butuma guhagarika plastike amahitamo akunzwe muri resitora, ibyabaye, ningo. Biragaragara kandi kuboneka mubiryo byinshi, bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi kuri buri gice. Ariko, ibiciro by'ibidukikije ntabwo biri mu giciro, bishobora kuganisha ku bigerwaho igihe kirekire bijyanye no gucunga imyanda no kugenzura umwanda.
Gukata impapuro
Gukata impapuro bikunda kuba bihenze kuruta plastike bitewe numusaruro wo hejuru. Igikorwa cyo gukora impapuro kirimo amazi yingenzi nicyiciro cyingufu, kigira uruhare mubiciro biri hejuru. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari ibisabwa byibasiwe na Eco, kandi abaguzi benshi bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura premium kumahitamo arambye. Mugihe ibisabwa byiyongera, ubukungu bwigipimo burashobora gufasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyimpapuro, bigatuma ari uburyo bushimishije bwo gukoresha abakoresha benshi.
Ubundi buryo
Imigano n'ikintu cyibiti byerekana ubundi buryo, ariko kandi bazana amafaranga menshi ya mbere ugereranije na plastiki. Ibi bikoresho birambye kandi bizima, birashimishije abaguzi bamenyereye ibidukikije. Gukora imigano yoroheje birakora neza kuko imigano ikura vuba kandi ntakeneye imiti yica udukoko cyangwa ifumbire. Kwihatirwa ibiti, mugihe nabyo ni urugwiro, birashobora kuba bikubiyemo amafaranga menshi kubera gukenera gucunga amashyamba no gutunganya.
Imbonerahamwe:
| Ikiranga | imigano | impapuro zo gutunganya | imigano / guhiga ibiti |
| Igiciro | Hasi | Kuringaniza hejuru | Hejuru |
| Igiciro cyibidukikije | Hejuru | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hasi |
| Ibisabwa | Bihamye | Kwiyongera | Kwiyongera |
Gukoresha
Kuramba no Kworoha
Gucoshya bya plastiki bizwiho kuramba noroshye. Biraremereye, bikomeye, kandi birashobora gukemura ibiryo bitandukanye bitavunika. Ibi bituma ari byiza muri resitora yihuta, ibintu byo hanze, namashyaka. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya plastike biroroshye kubika no gutwara.
Gukata impapuro, mugihe urugwiro rwibidukikije, ntigishobora kuramba kuruta plastiki. Ntishobora kuba nziza hamwe nibiryo biremereye cyangwa binini kandi bishobora kuba byiza iyo bisigaye mumazi maremare. Ariko, impapuro zanditseho ko guhagarika ingendo zigenda ziteranuka, bigatuma bifatika kubintu bitandukanye byo kuriramo.
Umugano na Contelery yimbaho bitandukanya inyungu hagati yuburambaro hamwe nibidukikije. Ibi bikoresho birahindagurika kuruta impapuro kandi birashobora gukemura ibibazo byinshi. Imigano yo kwimenza, byumwihariko, ni imbaraga zoroheje kandi ikomeye, ikabihindura uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha hamwe nibyabaye. Kwihatiye ibiti kandi bitanga ubwiza bwa rustic, bujuririra uburambe bwo kurya.
Kugereranya kuramba:
| Haranze impapuro | za plastiki | zikata | imigano / guhiga ibiti |
| Kuramba | Hejuru | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru |
| Uburemere | Urumuri | Urumuri | Urumuri |
| Gukoreshwa | Hejuru | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru |
| Ubushake bwiza | Hasi | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru |
6. Politiki ya leta n'ikiragenda ku isoko
Ibidukikije
Ibihano bya plastike nibibuza
Mu myaka yashize, habaye ihinduka ryisi yose rigabanuka gukoresha plastike imwe. Ibihugu ku isi hose bishyira mubikorwa ibibuza no kubuza kuri plastike yo guturika kwa plastike. Kurugero, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi washyizeho amategeko abuza rimwe na rimwe gukoresha ibintu bya plastike, harimo no kwikuramo, ibyapa, n'amasahani. Politiki nkiyi yemezwa mu bihugu nka Kanada n'ibice bya Amerika, aho infatiro z'ibanze zishyiraho amategeko kurenga cyangwa guhagarika gukoresha phostique imwe. Aya mabwiriza agamije kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije imyanda ya plastike, cyane cyane mu nyanja no mu zindi ecosstemsstemsstemsstem.
Ibikorwa byingenzi byo kugenzura:
Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi : Irinde kuri plastique imwe ikoresha ibishushanyo, harimo no kwikuramo.
Kanada : Igihugu cyose kubuza imifuka ya pulasitike, ibyatsi, kwiyota, nibindi byinshi.
Amerika : Leta itandukanye nimijyi-urwego rubuza kuri plastiki.
Gutera inkunga ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije
Kugira ngo bashyigikire ibihano, guverinoma kandi ziteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ubundi buryo bwo gutwara ibidukikije nk'impapuro, imigano, n'ibindi bikoresho bya Biodegraducta. Inkunga, nko kumena imisoro cyangwa inkunga, akenshi zitangwa mubucuruzi bukurikiza imigenzo irambye. Iyi nkunga ifasha gutwara udushya mu nganda, biganisha ku iterambere ryamahitamo araramba kandi agura ibiciro byangiza ibidukikije. Ubukangurambaga kumugaragaro bwanafite uruhare rukomeye, kwigisha abaguzi bijyanye ninyungu zishingiye ku bidukikije byo guhitamo ibicuruzwa birambye.
Ibyifuzo byabaguzi no gusubiza isoko
Imigendekere irambye
Ibyifuzo byabaguzi biragenda biteranya ibicuruzwa birambye kandi byinshuti. Hariho amahitamo yo kwiyongera kwibidukikije nkuko abantu benshi bazi ingaruka zimyanda ya plastiki. Iyi nzira irakomeye cyane mubaguzi bato bashyira imbere gukomeza gufata ibyemezo byabo byo kugura. Kuzamuka kw'ibimenyetso byatsi n'ibirango, bigaragaza ibicuruzwa byujuje ibipimo bimwe n'ibidukikije, byakosoreshe iyi shift.
Kurwanya isoko
Mu gusubiza ibyo bihinduka ibyifuzo byabaguzi hamwe ningutu zishinzwe kugenzura, ibigo birasambanyije vuba ibitambo byabo. Ubucuruzi bwinshi bujyanye na plastike Gutesha agaciro ubundi buryo burambye. Kurugero, resitora na cafe baragenda batanga impapuro cyangwa imigano yo kwikuramo abakiriya babo. Ibigo bimwe na bimwe birashora imari mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere kugirango ukore ibikoresho bishya byombi birambye kandi bifite akamaro.
Ingingo z'isoko Ingingo z'isoko:
Restaurants na Cafes : Inziba ku mpapuro no kwiyuhagira imigano.
Abacuruzi : Gushiriraho ibicuruzwa byinshi byangiza ibidukikije kugirango uhuze abaguzi.
Guhanga udushya : Iterambere ryibikoresho bishya bya biodegradupadi yo guca.
Inzira n'ibisubizo Imbonerahamwe:
| byihuse | byo kugenzura ibikorwa | Ibikorwa |
| Guhagarika plastique | EU, Kanada, Abanyamerika | Kwifashisha ibicuruzwa bya plastike |
| Guteza imbere ibidukikije | INTEGO kubikorwa birambye | Kongera imirongo y'ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije |
| Abaguzi | Guhangana Gushishikazwa no Kuramba | Amahitamo menshi ya Eco |
Umwanzuro
Incamake y'ingingo z'ingenzi
Muri iyi ngingo yose, twagereranije ibice n'ibidukikije n'ibikorwa bifatika bya plastiki n'impapuro zo guca plastiki n'impapuro, ndetse n'ubundi buryo nk'ibikoresho by'imigano n'ibiti.
Igitangaje cya plastiki : kizwi ku giciro gito no kuramba, ariko bitera ibibazo bikomeye bidukikije. Ntabwo ari biodegrafiya kandi bigira uruhare mugihe cyo kwanduza igihe kirekire, harimo na microplastics.
Gukata impapuro : urugwiro rwibidukikije kubera biodegradatality. Ariko, birashobora kutaramba kandi bihenze cyane kubera umusaruro wo hejuru hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho.
Imigano n'ikintu cyibiti : Tanga uburimbane hagati yimara kandi birambye. Ibi bikoresho ni bizima, bishobora kongerwa, kandi nta miti yangiza, ikabakora neza kandi byunvikana ibidukikije.
Hamagara kubikorwa
Turashishikariza abaguzi nubucuruzi kugirango duhitemo tumenyereye birambye. Muguhitamo biodegradable kandi birashobora kongerwaho nkimpapuro, imigano, n'ibiti, urashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije. Reba ubuzima bwibintu byoroheje ukoresha, uhereye kumusaruro kugeza aho ujugunya, hanyuma uhitemo amahitamo ahurira nimigenzo yangiza eco.
Ibizaza
Urebye imbere, ejo hazaza h'ibikoresho bitagereranywa biri mu guhanga udushya no kongera kumenya ibidukikije. Turashobora kwitega:
Iterambere mubikoresho : Iterambere ryibikoresho bishya biodedadable nibikoresho bitanga iramba rya plastiki nibidukikije byimpapuro nimigano.
Amabwiriza akomeye : Guverinoma ku isi hose zizashyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye kuri plastiki imwe, guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ubundi buryo burambye.
Abaguzi bahinduranya : nkuko abaguzi benshi bahinduka eco-abanyamahitamo, icyifuzo cyamahitamo arambye azakomeza gukura, gutera inkunga ubucuruzi bwo guhuza no guhanga udushya.
