Kwenziwa kanjani izikhwama zamaphepha?

Ukuqalisa

Ngokuqwashisa okukhulayo kokusimama kwemvelo, izikhwama zephepha seziphenduke umkhiqizo ophelele wokuthengisa nokupakisha. Njengoba singena kwinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwenza isikhwama sephepha, sizohlola nendima yemishini yesimanje yamaphepha ekhasini kulo mkhakha, ngomshini wesikhwama sephepha lamaphepha e-Ouyang eba yisisombululo esiholayo sabakhiqizi abafuna ukukhiqiza izikhwama zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme, zemvelo.

Ukusungulwa nokuvela kwezikhwama zamaphepha

Umlando wezikhwama zamaphepha usuka emuva ku-1852, lapho uFrancis Wollele esungula umshini wokuqala okwazi ukukhiqiza amaphepha amakhulu. Lokhu okusha kuvuselelwa ukuthengiswa kwezitolo ngokuvumela izimpahla ukuthi zisatshalaliswe kalula futhi zibiza kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amasu okuklama kanye namasu okukhiqiza avele, aphumela ekuthuthukisweni okubalulekile njengama-bottoms aqinisiwe kanye nama-gussets aseceleni akhuphuke amandla namandla akhuphukayo.

Inqubo Yesikhwama Sokukhiqiza Izikhwama

Isinyathelo 1: Inqubo yokuphambuka

Uhambo lwezikhwama zamaphepha luqala ngenqubo yokuphamba, lapho izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinjengama-Wood Chips namagxolo aguqulwa abe yipulp. Lokhu kufaka ukupheka okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu ukudiliza i-lignin futhi uhlukanise imicu ye-cellulose. Imishini ethuthukisiwe ka-Oyang ethuthukisiwe iqinisekisa ukuthi ipulp ingekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ibeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zamaphepha eziqinile nezithembekile.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukwabelana

Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuhlasela, i-pulp ehlanganisiwe isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo esikrinini esishukumisayo ukwakha ishidi lephepha elimanzi, eliqhutshwa bese licindezelwa ukususa umswakama owengeziwe.

Isinyathelo 3: Umklamo Wesikhwama nokwenza ngokwezifiso

Lapho nje iphepha selilungile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukusika futhi siwumise ngaso ububanzi obudingekayo. U-Oyang unikeza abasiki be-Kraft Roll kanye nemishini yokwenza isikhwama esingathola imiklamo ehlukahlukene yesikhwama, kufaka phakathi ama-gessets okukhuphuka komthamo kanye nama-bowts aqinisiwe amandla okungeziwe. Lesi sinyathelo sibucayi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende, kusuka ezikhwameni ezilula zokudla kuya kokuphela kokuthengisa okuphezulu.

Isinyathelo 4: Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta

Ukuphrinta kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhiqizwa kwesikhwama samaphepha, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, ama-logo, kanye nezinto zokufaka uphawu. Imishini yokuphrinta ye-Oyang ye-Oyang ifakwe ubuchwepheshe bamuva, buqinisekisa izithombe eziphezulu kanye nokufana kombala okuqondile. Imishini yayo ingaxhunywa emshinini wephepha lokwenza isikhwama sokuphrinta okungaphakathi noma kungaphrintwa ngokuzimela kumakhasimende ukuthi akhethe. Kulesi sigaba, isikhwama sephepha siyaphila ngomkhiqizo waso oyingqayizivele kanye nobuhle.

Isinyathelo 5: Ukusika nokugoqa

Iphepha eliphrintiwe libekwe emshinini wephepha lokufaka isikhwama sephepha futhi ligoqwe esimweni sesikhwama, futhi inqubo yonke izenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Imishini yokwenza isikhwama sika-Oyang Iphepha yaziwa ngokunemba nokusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye simiswe ngendlela efanayo futhi silungele umhlangano wokugcina.

Isinyathelo 6: Ukubopha nokubopha uphawu

Inqubo yokubopha kanye nokubopha ithinta ngqo amandla nokuqina kwesikhwama sephepha. Imishini ka-Oyang isebenza ngokunamathela ngokulinganayo futhi ngokuqinile, iqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama singamelana nesisindo sokuqukethwe kwaso ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukudwengula.

Isinyathelo 7: Phatha okunamathiselwe

Isibambo yingxenye ebalulekile yesikhwama sephepha, sengeza ukusebenziseka kanye nokusebenza. Imishini yesikhwama se-Oyang u-A-Series Paper Paper Machines ingabona umsebenzi wokunamathiselwe we-inthanethi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isibambo ngasinye simiswe ngokuqinile, sinikeza ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo kanye nempilo ende.

Isinyathelo 8: Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ayiphelele ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile. Imishini ye-Oyang's Paper Machines ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuhlola ezithuthukile ezingabona futhi zilungise noma yiziphi iziphambeko, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhwama ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ezingangena emakethe.

Isinyathelo 9: Ukupakishwa

Izixazululo zika-Oyang zifaka imishini yokufaka efanelekile. Ngemuva kokuthi izikhwama ziphume, zibalwa yizinto zokuqoqa okuzenzakalelayo futhi ekugcineni zifakwe ngamabhathi ngemishini yokufaka ezenzakalelayo. Imishini ye-Oyang Phepha Back yaqala ngempela ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukugcina

Ngamafuphi, ukukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zephepha kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi eye yathuthukiswa ngaphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesimanje zokusimama kanye nokusebenza kahle. Imishini ye-Oyang's Paper Mach yenzelwe ukufeza izidingo zokukhiqiza isikhwama sanamuhla samaphepha, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize izikhwama zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezizinzile futhi ezizifiso futhi zizohlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zokupakisha ezinobungane bemvelo. Njengoba imakethe iyaqhubeka nokusuka ezingxenyeni eziningi zemvelo, imishini yephepha lase-Ouyang iyisinqumo esithembekile nesiphumelelayo samabhizinisi abheke ukwenza umthelela omuhle emvelweni ngenkathi ugcina umkhiqizo nekhwalithi.