Isingeniso ekungcoleni kwepulasitiki
Ipulasitiki yavuselela umhlaba, inikeza izixazululo kusuka ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuya ezindlini. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezintaba. Yindaba yezinhlangothi ezimbili: lula kanye nomphumela. Ipulasitiki yepulasitiki yomhlaba wonke inkulu. Kukhiqizwa amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4,5, anengxenyenamba esetshenzisiwe. Izilwandle, izilwane zasendle, kanye nezindawo zomhlaba zithwala i-brunt. Isikali siyamangaza kepha sazi ukuthi i-spurs action.plastic ukungcola akuyona nje inkinga yezemvelo; I-alamu yenhlalo. Kuthinta impilo yasolwandle, kungena amaketanga okudla, futhi kuthinta impilo yethu. Ukubhekana nakho kubalulekile empilweni yeplanethi yethu kanye neyethu.
Ukukhuphuka kokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki
Isimo esingokomlando: Ukusuka eBakelite kuya ezigidini zamathani
Uhambo lwepulasitiki lwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. IBakelite, yasungulwa ngo-1907, kwakuwukuqala kokwenziwa ngepulasitiki. Kwamaka ukuqala kwenkathi entsha. Ngaphezu kweminyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki kwakhuphuka, kuguqula izimboni nempilo yansuku zonke.
Ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni edlule
Ukukhiqizwa kweplasitiki sekukhule kakhulu. Ngo-1950, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezimbili. Ngo-2015, kwafinyelela amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-380 minyaka yonke. Lokhu kuhlalisa kukhombisa ukuthembela kwethu okwandayo ngepulasitiki yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Inkemba esika nkohliso epulasitiki
Ukusungula amapulasitiki kwaletha izinzuzo eziningi - izinto ezingasindi, ukuqina kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindlela eziguqulwayo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinzuzo eza nezingqinamba ezibalulekile. Ukungcoliswa okuqhubekayo nomonakalo wezemvelo ukukhathazeka okukhulu namuhla.
Umthelela wezemvelo wokungcola kwepulasitiki
Impilo yasolwandle nemvelo yemvelo yosongo
Imfucuza yepulasitiki isuke izilwandle zethu. Kufanisa impilo yasolwandle, kuguqula imvelo. Ama-Microplastics, izinhlayiya ezincane, ziyingozi ikakhulukazi. Bamunca ubuthi futhi bathathwa yizilwane, bangena ecaleni lokudla.
I-menace of microplastics microplastics iyingcezu engaphansi kuka-5mm ngosayizi. Baqhamuka emfucumfucwini bamapulasitiki obukhulu kanye nama-microbeads ezimotweni. Lezi zinhlayiya zithathwa yizinto eziphilayo, kubangele ukulimala ngokomzimba kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali.
Ukubandakanya nokungena ngokufakwa kwezilwane zasendle endle epulasitiki kusongela olubi ezilwaneni zasendle. Izilwane zingabhajwa, okuholela ekulimaleni noma ekufeni. Ukungenisa kuyingozi ngokulinganayo, ngoba kungavimba amasistimu wokugaya futhi wethule ubuthi ezintweni eziphilayo.
Ukugcwala komhlaba kanye nelifa lokungcola kwepulasitiki
Ukuphila isikhathi eside kukapulasitiki kuyisiqalekiso ekuchithekeni komhlaba. Iyaqhubeka amakhulu eminyaka, ithatha isikhala. Izindawo zokugcwaliswa komhlaba zinguTestamente esikweni lethu elijikijelokazi, lapho ukulula kwenzeka khona ngezindleko eziphezulu zemvelo.
Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwepulasitiki epulasitiki ye-landfill akuyona i-biodegrade; I-PhotodeGrades, ibhidliza izingcezu ezincane ezinobuthi. Le nqubo ikhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi, angcolise inhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi amakhulu eminyaka.
Ukugqunywa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi njengamapulasitiki ancipha, anezikhali zokuthola amakhemikhali angabonana emhlabathini. Lawabuthi obuthi angaphazamisa imvelo futhi abe nobungozi empilweni yabantu. I-Leaching ingubuthi buthule, usakazeka kancane emvelweni.
Abahlukumezekile basolwandle abangenayo
Amathani epulasitiki angena olwandle minyaka yonke
Izigidi zamathani epulasitiki zingena olwandle izilwandle zethu unyaka nonyaka. Lesi sibalo esimangazayo singumphumela wokuphathwa kwemfucuza enganele nokungcola. Umthelela ufinyelela kude, uthinta impilo yasolwandle kanye nemvelo.
I-Great Pacific Garget Patch
Offoat ePacific ulele endaweni enkulu, i-Great Pacific Garget Patch. Kuyi-gyre yemfucumfucu yepulasitiki, ukusukuma amakhulu amamayela we-nautical. Lesi sichibi siyisikhumbuzo esibuhlungu somlutha wethu wepulasitiki nemiphumela yaso.
Izinhlelo Zomfula: Abanikeli abakhulu ekungcoleni kolwandle
I-Rivers isebenza njengezinkomba, ithwele imfucuza yepulasitiki ukusuka ezweni kuya kolwandle. Bangabahlinzeki abakhulu ekungcoleni kolwandle. I-Akhawunti ye-Top 1 000 Rivers ye-80% yokukhishwa kwepulasitiki yomkhosi womhlaba wonke olwandle. Ukubhekana nalokhu kudinga ukugxila kwizisombululo zokulawula imfucuza ezikhuphukayo.
Inkinga yokulawulwa kwenkundla yomhlaba wonke
I-0.5% eyenza umehluko we-100%
I-0.5% yokungcola kwepulasitiki ephela olwandle lwethu. Leli phesenti lingabonakala lincane, kepha umthelela wawo ukhona. Imelela izigidi zamathani athinta impilo yasolwandle kanye nemvelo. Le ngxenye ifuna i-100% yokunakwa kwethu nesenzo.
Ukuphathwa kabi kwemfucuza yepulasitiki
Imfucuza yepulasitiki yinkinga yomhlaba wonke egxilile ekuziphatheni kabi. Ingxenye ebalulekile yepulasitiki ayivuthiwe futhi ayisebenzi. Kugcina ekulahlekelweni komhlaba noma, okubi kakhulu, ezindaweni zemvelo.
I-Unlocled, ayizange ihlanganiswe, futhi i-quarter eyodwa yemfucuza yepulasitiki iyalungiswa. Lokhu kudoti akuvuthiwe, akuzange kuvunyelwe, noma kugcinwe ekulahlekelweni komhlaba okuvaliwe. Kuba sengozini yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, kuvame ukuthola indlela yayo emigwaqweni yamanzi nasezilwandle.
Ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki: ikusasa elihlotshisiwe
Ukukhishwa kwegesi eluhlaza kusuka ekukhiqizeni ipulasitiki
Ukuphila kukaPulasitiki kuqala ngokuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa. Ukukhiqiza i-plastics ikhipha i-CO2, umthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Le nqubo ifaka ukukhipha kanye nokucwilisa ama-fossil fuels, akhipha amanani amakhulu alawa magesi.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kokukhishwa kwamafutha e-fossil
Indaba yemvelaphi yeplastiki iboshelwe ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi. Ukukhipha amafutha okugcwala kuvame ukuholela ekususeni kwamahlathi. Lokhu akupheli nje kuphela ikhabhoni egcinwe kepha kunciphisa amandla omhlaba wokuthola i-CO2, kwandisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Methane kusuka ekulahlekelweni komhlaba
Lapho ipulasitiki ligcina ekulahlekelweni komhlaba, linomthelela ekukhuphukeni kwe-methane. Njengoba amapulasitiki ephula i-anaerobically, akhipha i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Ukugcwaliswa komhlaba kuyinto ebalulekile, nokho evame ukunganakwa, umthombo wale mikhumbi ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu equation.
Imiphumela yezempilo yabantu
I-Microplastics ku-chain yethu yokudla
Ama-Microplastics angena ngaphakathi kweketanga lokudla kwethu. Etholakala ezindaweni zokudla kwasolwandle, ziye zaya emapuletini ethu. Lokhu kuvezwa kubeka engcupheni engaziwa, njengoba imiphumela yesikhathi eside yempilo yabantu isezoqondwa ngokuphelele.
Ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nezingozi zempilo
Ipulasitiki iqukethe amakhemikhali ayingozi, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. Ukuqhuma kusuka emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki, lawa makhemikhali angangcolisa ukudla namanzi. Zixhumene nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zezempilo, ezivela kumangalo we-hormonal ezinkingeni zokuzala.
Umhlaseli othule: ama-microplastics ezithweni zezitho zabantu
Izifundo zakamuva zithole ama-microplastics ezithweni zezitho zabantu. Lesi sihlaseli esithule singaba ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo. Ukuba khona kwama-microplastics kukhombisa ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki akuyona nje inkinga yezemvelo kodwa kusongela ngokuqondile empilweni yabantu.
Amasu wekusasa elingenapulasitiki
Izenzo ngazinye zoshintsho
Ukukhetha ngakunye kungaholela ekushintsheni okuhlangene. Ngokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezisebenzisekayo, singagawula kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwepulasitiki. Izikhwama ezisebenzisekayo, amabhodlela amanzi, neziqukathi ziyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo eziya epulasitiki engenazo leplastiki.
Ukushintshwa kwezindlela eziguqukayo ezishintshana ezintweni ezisebenzisekayo zisenzo esilula kodwa esinamandla. Inciphisa ukuthembela kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa ngokukodwa, okuwumthombo omkhulu wokungcola.
Ukunciphisa amapulasitiki asetshenziswa ngakunye emuva emuva kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa ngokukodwa kubalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjenge-strist, i-cutlery, nemikhiqizo esongwe epulasitiki. Ukuncipha okuncane kwengeza kuze kube umthelela omkhulu.
Ukuxhaswa Komphakathi Nezomthetho
Imiphakathi nohulumeni banendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ikusasa elingenapulasitiki. Izinqubomgomo zokusekela kanye nemizamo yomphakathi ingashayela ushintsho olukhulu.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivimbela izikhwama zepulasitiki zisenzo esijwayelekile futhi esisebenzayo somthetho. Kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela ezizinzile futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
Ukusekelwa kwemizamo yezomnotho eyindilinga Umnotho oyindilinga ukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha izinto zokwakha. Ukusekela imizamo enjalo kusiza ukuvala i-loop ekudotiweni kwepulasitiki, kukhuthaza uhlelo oluqhubekayo.
Amandla wesenzo esihlangene
Imizamo yomhlaba kanye nobudlelwano
Imizamo yomhlaba wonke ihlanganisa izizwe ekulweni nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki. Ubambiswano, njengeZizwe Ezihlanzekile ZeNational Nations Hlanza umkhankaso, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlaba jikelele. Le mizamo ihlose ukunciphisa imfucuza yepulasitiki futhi ithuthukise imikhuba esimeme emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuzibophezela Kwezinkampani kanye Nezinto ezintsha
Amabhizinisi abambe ukhiye wokuqamba okusha ekuphathweni kwemfucuza. Ngokuthola umthwalo wemfanelo wenhlangano, izinkampani zingathuthukisa ezinye izindlela ze-eco-friendly to plastiki. Indima yabo ekwakheni imikhiqizo esimeme ibalulekile ngekusasa elingenapulasitiki.
Imikhankaso Yezemfundo Nokuqwashisa
Ezemfundo yi-Bedrock yoshintsho. Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa yazisa umphakathi ngezingozi zokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki. Bagqugquzela isenzo kanye ne-Advocate yokushintshwa kwengqondo ekusetshenzisweni okuzinzile futhi okuthembekile.
Lapho sibhekana nenkinga yeplastiki yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, sihlole ukukhuphuka okumangazayo ekukhiqizeni ipulasitiki, imithelela yayo efinyelela kude yemvelo, kanye nobudlelwano obuphakathi nendawo phakathi kokungcola kwepulasitiki nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Le ngxoxo igcizelele iqhaza elibalulekile lokulawulwa kwemfucuza efanelekile, ikakhulukazi emazweni angenile eliphakathi, futhi yagcizelela ukuba khona okuthusayo kwama-microplastics ku-chain yethu yokudla kanye nezingozi zabo zezempilo. Sixoxe futhi ngokubaluleka kwezenzo ngazinye, ukusekelwa komphakathi, umthwalo wemfanelo wenhlangano, kanye nezinhlelo zokufundisa ekushayeleni ukunyakaza okuhlangene kukusasa, elingenazo lepulasitiki. Ingxoxo igcizelela isidingo somzamo ohlanganisiwe wokusungula, ukunciphisa kanye nokuphinda usebenzise indlela yethu yokuphuma kwalesi simo semvelo, iqinisekisa ukuthi iplanethi enempilo yabo bonke.
Ngemininingwane eningiliziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungabheka lezi zinsizakusebenza:
