Ni ubuhe butumwa icapiro?
Imashini icapa ni igikoresho gikoresha igitutu cyo kuruhuka hejuru yo kuruhuka kumurongo wanditse (nkimpapuro cyangwa umwenda). Itwara ink neza kumurongo, itanga ishusho cyangwa inyandiko ihamye. Guhimba ibinyamakuru byo gucapa byaranze intambwe ikomeye mumateka yabantu, guhindura uburyo amakuru yasangiwe kandi akanywa.
Amateka magufi ya kanda
Imashini icapa yahimbwe na Johannes Gutenberg mu kinyejana cya 15. Igishushanyo cye cyakoreshejwe ubwoko bwimukanwa, bwari impinduramatwara icyo gihe. Mbere ya Gutenberg, inyandiko zandukuwe n'intoki, inzira-ishishikaye kandi ikora neza. Itangazamakuru rya Gutenberg ryemerewe gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, kugabanya cyane ikiguzi nigihe gikenewe kugirango umusaruro wanditse. Iki gihangano cyashyizeho urufatiro rwo gukwirakwiza ubumenyi gusa, biganisha kuri Renaissance na Imyaka ya none.
Uruhare rwo gucapa
Imashini zicapa zagize uruhare rukomeye mu itumanaho rusange. Mugufasha kubyara byihuse kandi bihendutse ibyanditswe, bakoze ibitabo, ibinyamakuru, naho udutabo kagera ku bateze amatwi yagutse. Iyi Demokarasi yubumenyi yashimangiye uburezi, siyanse, na moteri ya politiki kwisi yose.
Mu isi, imashini zicapura zabaye ngombwa mu gukora ibipfunyika, ibirango, n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byacapwe ko ubucuruzi n'abaguzi bishingikiriza buri munsi. Nibikoresho byingenzi mugukira, kwamamaza, no gukwirakwiza amakuru.
Incamake ya Blog
Muri iyi blog, tuzasesengura ubwoko butandukanye bwo gucapa. Tuzaganira ku bintu byihariye, inyungu, hamwe nibyihariye aho buri bwoko. Uzamenya uburyo gakondo bwashyizeho urufatiro rw'ikoranabuhanga bugezweho, kandi uko imashini z'iki gihe zikomeje guhinduka. Waba uri mu nganda cyangwa amatsiko gusa, iki gitabo kizatanga incamake yuzuye uburyo icapiro ritera isi tubamo.
1. Ubwihindurize bwamateka bwo gucapa
1.1 Ivuka ryimashini icapa
Johannes Gutenberg yahimbye abanyamakuru mu kinyejana cya 15 mu kinyejana cya 15 ni umwanya w'ingenzi mu mateka. Mbere yibi, ibitabo byandukuwe n'intoki, inzira gahoro gahoro. Gutenberg yakoresheje ubwoko bwimukanwa bwimukanwa, bwemeraga byihuse kandi byoroshye kubyara inyandiko. Ibi guhangabuhanga byahinduwe umusaruro wibitabo, bigatuma burushaho kuboneka kandi bihendutse.
Ingaruka z'itangazamakuru rya Gutenberg zari zikomeye. Byashoboje gukwirakwiza ubumenyi byihuse ubumenyi, ibitekerezo, namakuru mu Burayi. Iki cyari ikintu cyingenzi mugukwirakwiza kuvugurura, kuvugurura, hanyuma, kumurikirwa. Itangazamakuru ryashyizeho urufatiro rw'itumanaho rigezweho, rihindura uburyo abantu babonye amakuru kandi basabana n'isi.
Mbere yo kuza mu icapiro ricapiro, icapiro ryakozwe na ibiti byari uburyo bwibanze bukoreshwa mu Burayi na Aziya. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo kubaza urupapuro rwuzuye rwinyandiko cyangwa ishusho mu giti, icyo gihe cyarafashwe kandi kikandaga ku mpapuro. Mugihe bikora amashusho n'amasomo yoroshye, byari bimaze igihe kandi ntibikorwa igihe kirekire. Sisitemu yimukanwa ya Gutenberg yarushijeho gukora neza kandi yemerewe gutumizwa byoroshye inyuguti ninyuguti, byihutisha cyane gahunda yo gucapa.
1.2 Ubuhanga bucapira
Mbere yuko udushya dutubenberg, tekinike zitandukanye zo gucapa gakondo zakoreshejwe. Imwe mu buryo bwa mbere bwari icapiro . Gukomoka mu Bushinwa, byarimo inyandiko n'ibishusho n'ibishusho mu giti. Ink yakoreshejwe ahantu hazamuwe, kandi impapuro zashizwe kumurongo kugirango ukore icapiro. Ubu buryo bwabaye akazi cyane kandi bukwiranye gusa mumashusho cyangwa amashusho magufi.
Ubundi buryo bukomeye bwari bukubiyemo . Ibi birimo etching ibishushanyo mbonera ku masahani yicyuma, byahise bifata hanyuma ukandaga kumpapuro. Gukwirakwiza byemewe ku buryo burambuye kuruta gucapa ibiti, ariko nacyo cyari kimaze igihe kandi bihenze.
Ubuhanga bwo bwa mbere mu butumwa , bwahindutse kuva mu ivumburwa rya Gutenberg, ryabaye ingamba zo gucapa ibinyejana byinshi. Byarimo gushyira ubwoko bwimukanwa nukuboko, guhanagura ubwoko, no gukanda impapuro kuri yo. Ubu buryo bwari bwihuse kandi bukora neza kuruta gucapa ibiti no gushushanya, bigatuma ari byiza gutanga ibitabo, ibinyamakuru, n'ibitabo bifite akamaro ganini.
Ubu buhanga gakondo bwagize uruhare rukomeye mugutangaza hakiri kare. Bemerewe gukwirakwiza inyandiko z'amadini, ibitabo, n'ubumenyi bwa siyansi. Umurage wabo ugaragara muri iki gihe mu tekinike zigezweho zo gucapa, zikomeje kubaka ku mfatiro zashyizweho nuburyo hambere.
2. Imashini zo gucapa zigezweho hamwe na porogaramu zabo zo
| ibitabo | byanditseho | inyungu | zikoreshwa | gucapa |
| Icapiro rya digitale | Gucapa mu buryo butaziguye, guhinduka vuba, byiza kuri buke. | Guhinduka cyane, ibiciro-bifatika, bikwiranye no gucapa byihariye. | Ikarita yubucuruzi, udutabo, icapiro ryihariye. | Ikoresha inkjet cyangwa tekinoroji ya larteur kugirango wohereze amashusho kuri restrate. |
| Kanda Kanda | Amashusho meza, akwiriye gucapa kinini. | Igiciro cyiza kubunini bunini, ubuziranenge bwishusho. | Ibitabo, ibinyamakuru, ibinyamakuru, gupakira gipimo kinini. | Ikoresha amasahani ya aluminium aho agace k'ishusho gafashe wino, nibice bidahumeka byamazi, bihererekanya ishusho kumpapuro. |
| Icapiro rya flexografiya | Kwihuta-kumizi, guhuza cyane. | Umusaruro wihuta, urugwiro rwibidukikije, cyiza kubikorwa binini. | Gupakira, Labels, wallpaper. | Ikoresha amasahani yoroshye hamwe na silinderi ya rotary kugirango icapiro kubikoresho bitandukanye kumuvuduko mwinshi. |
| Screreza icapiro | Ibikoresho bitandukanye, amabara afite. | Igiciro cyiza kubunini bunini, ubuziranenge bwanditse. | T-Shirts, banneri, ikimenyetso, icapiro ryubuhanzi. | Ink ikanda kuri ecran na stencic kugirango irema amashusho kuri substrate zitandukanye. |
| Kanda Itangazamakuru | Ubushishozi buke, buhoraho. | Ubwiza buhoraho, bwiza kubinini byinshi bikomeza gucapa. | Ibinyamakuru byigihe kirekire, gupakira, kwamamaza ubuziranenge. | Ikoresha silinderi yashushanyijeho kwimura wino kugera ku nsimbura, itanga ibisobanuro birambuye. |
| 3D icapiro | Irashobora gukora geometries igoye, byanze bikunze. | Nibyiza kuri prototyping no gutanga umusaruro. | Ibicuruzwa prototypes, ibice byihariye, inganda nto. | Ikoresha inganda zo gukora ibiyobyabwenge kugirango wubake ibintu kumurongo mubikoresho nka plastike, resin, cyangwa ibyuma. |
| Yayoboye uv icapiro | Ako kanya gukiza, kunyeganyega amabara, urugwiro. | Icapiro ryiza, rikoreshwa kubikoresho byinshi. | Ibimenyetso, ibikoresho byo kwamamaza, icapiro ryiza. | Amatara ya UV akiza wino ako kanya nkuko byacapwe, bikwiranye na substrate zitandukanye bidakenewe amatara yihariye. |
| Ikinyamakuru cyo gucapa | Ingaruka zazamuwe, isura nziza. | Itanga isura isa kugirango ishushanye ku giciro gito. | Amakarita yubucuruzi, inyuguti, urwego rwumwuga. | Ifu yumvikana yongewe kuri wino itose hanyuma ashyushya kugirango akore ingaruka zazamuye. |
| Padi icapiro | Gucapa neza ku buryo butaringaniye. | Vuga ibice byo gucapa kubikoresho bitandukanye nka reberi, ceramic, icyuma, na plastiki. | Ibikinisho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byamamaza. | Ikoresha padi silicone yohereza amashusho avuye ku isahani kugeza kuri substrate, nziza yo gucapa kuri sucress idasanzwe. |
2.1 Imashini icapiro rya digitale
Incamake
Gucapa kwa digitale byerekana ubwihindurize bukomeye muburyo gakondo. Mu buryo butandukanye na offset cyangwa Gucapura bya Flexografiya, icapiro rya digitale ntirisaba amasahani yo gucapa. Ahubwo, icapiro riteganya amashusho ninyandiko muri dosiye za digitale. Iyi mikorere ikuraho inshuro nyinshi zitwara igihe zijyanye no gucapa gakondo, bigatuma vuba kandi neza.
Gucapa kwa Digital bikoresha haba muri Ikoranabuhanga rya Inkjet cyangwa Laser kugirango dushyire muri wino cyangwa toner kuri substrate. Idosiye ya digitale yoherejwe kuri printer, isobanura amakuru kandi ikoresha ink neza aho bikenewe. Iri koranabuhanga ryemerera ibisubizo byinshi-bitangaje hamwe namabara meza namabara meza, ndetse no kumwanya mugufi.
Ibyiza
Icapiro rya Digital itanga ibyiza byinshi:
Gushiraho vuba : Kuberako ikuraho gukenera amasahani, icapiro rya digitale rifite igihe cyihuse. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane kubikorwa bigufi aho umwanya ari ikintu gikomeye.
Guhinduka kubikorwa bigufi : Gucapa kwa digital nibyiza kubato kugeza kuri make icapiro rikora. Nibiciro-byiza kuko nta biciro byashyizweho, bigatuma byoroshye kubyara byinshi ntayongereyeho mubiciro bya buri gice.
Urwego rurerure : gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga rya digitale risobanura ko rishobora gutanga amashusho yo gukemura hejuru hamwe n'amabara atyaye. Irashoboye kandi gucapa muburyo butandukanye bwo gusimburana, harimo impapuro, amakarita, vinyl, nu mwenda.
Porogaramu
Gucapa kwa Digital biratandukanye kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Bikwiranye cyane cyane:
Ibintu byihariye : Gucapa kwa digital byingenzi mugutanga ibintu byihariye, nkibikoresho byihariye, amakarita yo kuramutsa, nibikoresho byamamaza.
Agatabo hamwe namakarita yubucuruzi : Gushiraho byihuse no guhinduka kugirango ucapishejene neza kubikoresho byo kwamamaza nkudutabo hamwe namakarita yubucuruzi, aho ubuziranenge nibyingenzi nibyingenzi.
Ibikoresho bigufi byamamaza : Kubisosiyete akeneye ibintu bike byo kwamamaza, gucapa bya digitale bitanga igisubizo cyiza kidatanga umusaruro.
Inzira yo gucapa
Inzira ya Digital Digital irasobanutse kandi neza cyane. Dore incamake muri make:
Gutegura dosiye : Igishushanyo cyarakozwe kandi kirangizwa kuri mudasobwa, hanyuma kikabikwa muburyo bugereranije (nka PDF).
Printer Setup : Idosiye ya Digital yoherejwe kuri printer, aho yiteguye gucapa. Porogaramu ya Printer itanga ibisobanuro, igena ahantu nyayo yino cyangwa toner.
Gucapa : Mucapyi ikoresha tekinoroji ya Inkjet cyangwa Laser kugirango dukoreshe wino cyangwa toner mu buryo butaziguye. Inkjet prirs ibitonyanga bito byindorere kumpapuro, mugihe icapiro rya laser rikoresha ubushyuhe muri Bond Toner ifu igana kumpapuro.
Kurangiza : Iyo byacapwe, ibikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kurangiza, nko gukata, kumeneka, cyangwa gutangiza, bitewe nibisabwa numushinga.
Ubwoko bw'imashini zicapura
Imashini zicapura za digitale zirashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa bikurikira:
Icapiro ryinyoni : Izicapyi ni nziza kubyara ibicapo byujuje ubuziranenge muri bike kugeza hagati. Bakunze gukoreshwa mu gatabo, ibyapa, hamwe na posita itaziguye kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye.
Abacappite ba Laser : Bizwi ku muvuduko wabo no gukora neza, abacapite ba laser bakoreshwa mu igenamiterere byombi kandi kubera gucapa mu bucuruzi, aho ibihe byihuta ari ngombwa.
Imashini zicapura za digitale zirahabwa agaciro, imikorere yikiciro, nubushobozi bwo kubyara imico myiza hamwe nigihe gito cyo gushiraho, bituma biba byiza kubicapa kandi byihariye.
Muri rusange, icapiro rya digital nigisubizo gisobanutse kandi cyiza, cyane cyane kumishinga isaba igihe cyo guhinduka no kuyihindura. Nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ubucuruzi bukeneye icyapa cyiza utiyemeje gukora icapiro rinini.
2.2 Imashini zicapura
Incamake
Gucapa kwa Flexografiya, bikunze kwitwa Flexo, ni uburyo bwo gucapa kandi byihuse. Ikoresha amasahani yo gutabara ibintu bikozwe muri reberi cyangwa ifoto yimurwa muri wino kubantu batandukanye. Iyi mikorere yo gucapa ikwiranye cyane numusaruro uhoraho. Amasahani yoroshye apfunyika hafi ya silinderi kurubuga rwabanyamakuru, yemerera gucapa byihuta kubikoresho bitandukanye.
FlexoGraphy ikoreshwa cyane munganda aho ubushobozi bwo gucapa ibikoresho bidafite ishingiro ni ngombwa. Ibisobanuro byayo bituma bituma bivuga gucapa hejuru nka firime ya plastike, ibyuma, Cellephane, nimpapuro. Flexo azwiho imikorere nubushobozi bwo gukora imisoro myinshi yo gucapa vuba.
Ibyiza
Icapiro rya Flexografi ritanga ibyiza byinshi:
Umusaruro mwinshi wihuta : Flexo Imashini zagenewe umuvuduko, ubatunguze neza kumusaruro munini. Barashobora gukorera kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane, bikaba bikagora igihe gikenewe kugirango urangize icapiro rinini.
Guhinduranya mubikoresho : Gucapa Flexo birashobora gucapa ahantu hose wibintu, harimo no kutagira umusimbura. Iyi mpinduka ituma igenda ihitamo inganda zisaba ibisubizo bipakishwa.
Inzoza zishingiye ku bidukikije : Gucapa Flexografiya bikoresha inka ishingiye ku mazi cyangwa uv-yakize, bidafite ingaruka ku bidukikije ugereranije n'inkoko gakondo. Izi nst zumye vuba, kugabanya ibyago byo kunyurwa no kunoza imikorere yumusaruro.
Porogaramu
Gucapa kwa flexografiya byiganjemo ibikorwa byo gupakira. Porogaramu zayo zisanzwe zirimo:
Gupakira : Flexo ikoreshwa cyane mugucapa kubikoresho bitandukanye byo gupakira, harimo imifuka ya pulasitike, gupakira ibiryo, hamwe namakarito.
Ibirango : Uburyo ni bwiza bwo gutanga ibirango byiza byujuje ibyangombwa bikurikiza ubuso butandukanye, uhereye kumacupa kubisanduku.
Wallpaper : Imashini za Flexografiya zirashobora gucapa kumizingo nini, bigatuma bikwiranye no gutangaza.
Ibikoresho byoroshye : Gucapa bya Flexo nabyo bikoreshwa mugucapura kubikoresho byoroshye nkimpano, amabahasha, nimpapuro.
Inzira yo gucapa
Inzira yo gucapura ikubiyemo intambwe zingenzi:
Gutegura amasahani : Inzira itangirana no kurema amasahani yoroshye, yashyizwe kumugezi wo gucapa. Buri bara mu bishushanyo bifite isahani yacyo.
Porogaramu yo gusaba : Ink yimuwe muri wino fountain kuri Anilox Roll, ni silinderi itwikiriye ingirabuzimafatizo nto. Umuzingo wa Anilox ugenzura umubare wikibuga cyimuriwe ku isahani yo gucapa.
Kwimura amashusho : Icyapa cyatsinzwe noneho kimutwara ishusho kumutwe mugihe kinyura hagati yisahani na silinderi yatangaje. Iyi ntambwe yasubiwe kuri buri mwana mubishushanyo.
Kuma : Flexo kanda akenshi ushyiramo ibice byumye hagati ya buri kintu. Ibi bice byumye byihuse wino mbere yinjira mumabara akurikira, yemeza amashusho meza kandi atyaye.
Ongera usubiremo : Nyuma yo gucapa, insimburana isanzwe yongeye kugaruka kumuzingo, yiteguye kubikomeza, nko gukata cyangwa gutakaza.
Ubwoko bwimashini zicapura flexografiya
Imashini zicapura zirashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro byinshi:
Ubwoko bwa Stack Flexografiya : Ubu bwoko bwibintu byumvikana bihagaze neza station kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gupakira. Nibyiza cyane gucapa kuri subsrate ya flexible nka plastiki nimpapuro.
Igitekerezo cyo hagati (CI) Flexografiya : kizwi kubwo silinderi imwe, imigenzo nini iryamyeho amabara yose yateguwe, iyi kanda itanga ikariso yo kwiyandikisha neza kandi nibyiza kubikoresho byo gupakira neza.
Imashini zo gucapa za Flexografiya zihabwa agaciro kumuvuduko wabo no kunyuranya, kubakora amahitamo yo hejuru kubisarurwa binini.
FlexoOgraphy yihuta, kunyuranya, hamwe ninyungu zibidukikije bituma nuburyo bwo gucapa butavugwa bwo gupakira nibindi bikenerwa.
2.3 Erekana amashusho
Incamake
Gucapa bya ecran ni tekinike ikunzwe kandi itandukanye kandi ikubiyemo gukoresha stencils na mesh ecran kugirango twohereze wirk kuri sustrate. Ubu buryo, buzwi kandi nka icapiro rya silkscreen, rikoreshwa cyane mugucapura kubintu bitandukanye. Inzira ikora mugusunika wino binyuze muri stencil (cyangwa ecran) kubikoresho hepfo, yemerera kurema ibicapo bikomeye, kuramba. Gucapa bya ecran birashobora gukorwa intoki cyangwa hamwe nimashini zikora, bigatuma imisaruro mito kandi nini ikora.
Ibyiza
Icapiro rya ecran ritanga inyungu zitandukanye:
Ibisobanuro : Imwe mu mbaraga nini zo gucapa ecran nubushobozi bwayo bwo gucapa kubintu byinshi. Ikora neza kumyenda, cerami, ibiti, impapuro, ikirahure, ndetse nicyuma. Ibi bituma ujya guhitamo imishinga itandukanye, kuva kumyenda kubintu byamamaza.
Kuramba : Inks ikoreshwa mu icapiro rya ecran ni umubyimba kandi ufite imbaraga, utanga ibyapa birwanya gucika no kwambara. Iri barambaro ni ingirakamaro cyane kubicuruzwa bihura nibintu cyangwa gufata kenshi, nka T-Shirts na banneri yo hanze.
Ibiciro-byiza : Gucapa bya ecran birakabije-gukora neza kubicuruzwa binini. Iyo gahunda ibanza irangiye, inzira irashobora kubyara imirongo myinshi byihuse, bigatuma ubukungu bwisaruro.
Porogaramu
Gucapa bya ecran bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwinganda bitewe n'imihindagurikire y'imikorere n'ubuziranenge. Gusaba bisanzwe harimo:
T-Shirts : imyenda yihariye nimwe mubintu bikunzwe cyane kuri ecran. Tekinike yemerera ibishushanyo bitinyutse, birebire bimaze kurambirwa no gukaraba no kwambara.
Banners n'ibimenyetso : Kubikoresho binini byamamaza, icapiro rya ecran ritanga amabara meza kandi aramba, ni ngombwa mugusohora no hanze.
Ibicapo byubuhanzi : Gucapa bya ecran nabyo bitoneshwa nabahanzi hamwe nabashushanya kugirango bakore ibyapa bigarukira, ibyapa, nibindi bikoresho. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurenga amabara no gukora imiterere bituma bituma biba byiza imvugo yubuhanzi.
Inzira yo gucapa
Inzira yo gucapa ya ecran irimo intambwe nyinshi:
Kurema ibyara : Intambwe yambere ni ugukora stenlic ya spor. Iyi stencil ishyirwa kuri ecran nziza ya mesh, mubisanzwe ikozwe muri polyester cyangwa nylon. Uduce twa stenc rufunguye yemerera kwinjira kunyura.
Gushiraho : Mugaragaza noneho ishyirwa hejuru ya substrate (urugero, t-shirt cyangwa icyapa). Wino ikoreshwa hejuru ya ecran hanyuma ikwirakwira hejuru hamwe no gukanda. Gukanda imbaraga muri wino binyuze mu bice bifunguye bya stencil, bimura igishushanyo mbonera kuri substrate.
Gusaba amabara : Kubishushanyo hamwe namabara menshi, buri ibara risaba ecran itandukanye na stencil. Ibikoresho bihujwe neza hagati ya buri tangazo kugirango umenye neza kandi bihuze hagamijwe gushushanya.
Kuma no kurangiza : Amabara yose amaze gukoreshwa, ibikoresho byacapwe byumye. Iyi ntambwe irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ubushyuhe, cyane cyane kumyenda, kugirango yinjire yikize rwose kandi ihujwe nimyenda.
Ubwoko bwimashini za ecran
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwa ecran:
Icapiro rya ecran ya ecran : Ubu buryo ni bwiza bwo gucapa hejuru yubuso busa nkibyapa n'imyambaro. Nuburyo busanzwe bwo gucapa ecran kandi akenshi bikoreshwa kubikorwa bito cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera.
Gucapa bya ecran ya ecran : Byakoreshejwe muburyo buhoraho kubikoresho nkibizunguruka byambaye imyenda cyangwa wallpaper. Gucapa bya ecran byerekana neza umusaruro mwinshi, aho umuvuduko no guhoraho ni ngombwa.
Gucapa bya ecran yo guhuza imiterere, kuramba, kandi gukora neza bituma bituma habaho guhitamo imishinga myinshi yo gucapa, kuva mubucuruzi.
2.4 Imashini zo gucapa
Incamake
Rogotomevure, yakunze kuvugwa nkibicapa bya GRAVURE, ni inzira yo gucapa ubuziranenge bukoresha byimazeyo kuri tylinders yohereza wimurira wirk kuri substrate. Ubu buryo bukora cyane cyane igihe kirekire, imirimo myinshi-yicapa yicapa aho guhuza kandi birambuye ni ngombwa. Bitandukanye nundi buryo bwo gucapa, gushushanya karaguke birashobora gutanga amajwi aho ikomeza, bigatuma ari byiza gucapa amashusho arambuye hamwe na gradatiya yoroheje.
GRAVURE GUCHIRA MU GUHINDURA AMAFOTO KUGEZA KINYARWANDA. Ingirabuzimafatizo kuri silinderi ziratandukanye mubujyakuzimu nubunini, bigenzura ingano ya wino bafite. Ibi bituma ugenzura neza hejuru ya Porogaramu, bikavamo ibintu bidasanzwe kandi byoroshye amabara.
Ibyiza
Icapiro rya Rotogocvure ritanga ibyiza byinshi:
Ubwiza budasanzwe : GRAVURE Gucapa bitanga amashusho hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwibisobanuro kandi bisobanutse, bituma butunganye kumishinga isaba imyororokere nziza cyangwa ibisobanuro birambuye byamafoto yamafoto.
Guhoraho : Bitewe n'ubushishozi bwanditseho imiyoboro yashushanyijeho, icapiro rikaze bukomeza icapiro rihoraho. Ibi bituma biba byiza mumishinga minini-aho guhuriza hamwe ni ngombwa.
Gukora neza mubice byinshi : Gravure ni ingirakamaro cyane mugihe ikoreshwa kubwinshi. Igiciro cya mbere cyashyizweho ni kinini, ariko ikiguzi kuri buri gice gigabanuka cyane hamwe nijwi, bigatuma ubukungu bwicapiro kinini.
Porogaramu
GRAVURE Gucapa Byakoreshejwe cyane munganda zisaba ubuziranenge, icyuma-cyinshi. Gusaba bisanzwe harimo:
Ibinyamakuru : Ibinyamakuru byinshi byimperuka bikoresha gukurura ku bushobozi bwayo bwo gutanga amashusho akungahaye, arambuye yongera ubujurire bugaragara.
Gupakira : Gravure nayo ikoreshwa cyane mugupakira, cyane cyane kubicuruzwa bisaba imbaraga zinyeganyega, zifata amaso. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugucapa kubikoresho byo gupakira byoroshye nka plastike na file.
Ibicapo byo hejuru cyane : Ubushobozi bwa Gravure bwo gutanga amajwi ahoraho bituma bituma bituma bigira intego yo gushushanya imitako, wallpaper, nibindi bintu bishimishije.
Inzira yo gucapa
Inzira ya GRAVURE ikubiyemo intambwe zisobanutse:
Igishushanyo cya Silinder : Ishusho yo gucapa yashushanijwe kuri silinderi ukoresheje laser esching cyangwa gushushanya imiti. Ubujyakuzimu n'ubunini bwa selile kuri silinderi igena ingano ya wino buri selile izakomeza.
Gusaba ink : silinderi yibizwa muri wino, yuzuza selile zanditseho. Umuganga wicyuma noneho akuramo wino irenze ubuso bwa silinderi, kuva muri wino gusa muri selile gusa.
Kwimura amashusho : Silinderi imashini igera kuri substrate, yimura wino kuva muri selile kubikoresho. Iyi nzira irerekana na ink amashusho kandi ityaye, irambuye.
Kuma : Ibikoresho byacapwe byanyuze mu gice cyumye, kureba niba wino yashizwemo mbere yo gutunganya.
GRAVURE PING yo guhuza ubuziranenge, guhuzagurika, no gukora neza bituma habaho guhitamo imishinga ikomeye, imishinga yo gucapa. Niba ibinyamakuru, gupakira, cyangwa icapiro, gravure itanga ibisubizo bidasanzwe byujuje ibyifuzo byombi byo gucapa ibintu byombi.
Ubwoko bwimashini zo gucapa rotogocvure
Imashini zo gucapa za rotogoneture zisanzwe zigwa muri ibi byiciro:
Imashini imwe ya rotogovure ya rohotogomevure : Yagenewe gucapa hamwe nibara rimwe, iyi mashini ni nziza kubishushanyo byoroshye kandi bikoreshwa mugucapura nto cyangwa prototype.
Imashini y'amabara menshi ya rotogomevure : ishoboye gucapa mumabara menshi muri pass imwe, iyi mashini isanzwe ikoreshwa mubipfunyika byigihe kinini.
Imashini za rototogure zirazwi kubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga amashusho arambuye, meza ahoraho, bikaba bituma bahitamo igihe kirekire, imishinga myinshi.
2.5 Imashini zo gucapa
Incamake
Gucapa kwa Offset nimwe muburyo bwo gucapa muri iki gihe. Ikora mu kwimura ishusho ifunze kuva ku isahani kugeza ku mpimbano ya rubber hanyuma hejuru yo gucapa, nk'impapuro. Ubwo buryo butaziguye butuma ishusho yimuwe neza, bikaviramo icapiro ryiza hamwe nibisobanuro bikarishye.
Ibyiza
Icapiro rya Offset itanga ibyiza byinshi:
Ubwiza bwo hejuru : Bitanga amashusho ahoraho, akomeye, bigatuma ari byiza kubicapure birambuye kandi byamabara.
Ibiciro-byiza kubitabo binini : bimaze gushyirwaho, kugacapa kwa offset ni ubukungu cyane kugirango icapiro rinini ryiruka, kuko ikiguzi kuri buri gice gigabanuka cyane nubunini bwo hejuru.
Guhinduranya : Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye, harimo impapuro, ikadiri, ndetse na plastike zimwe. Ifite kandi itandukaniro cyane, yemerera guhuza bitandukanye, nka matte cyangwa gloss.
Porogaramu
Gucapa kwa Offset bikoreshwa cyane munganda zitandukanye. Porogaramu zayo zibanze zirimo:
Ibitabo : Imashini za Offset ni nziza gucapa ibitabo byinshi byibitabo byibitabo, utanga ubwiza bwa kopi ibihumbi.
Ibinyamakuru : Ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashusho yintangarugero ninyandiko bituma habaho gucapa neza kubinyamakuru bitandukanye.
Ibinyamakuru : Imashini za Offset zikoreshwa mugucapura ibinyamakuru neza, kuringaniza umuvuduko ufite ubuziranenge.
Ibibanza binini-bipakira : Gucapa bya Offset nabyo bikoreshwa mugupakira, cyane cyane iyo bisabwa.
Inzira yo gucapa
Inzira yo gucapa ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi:
Gutegura mbere yo Gutegura : Amashusho ninyandiko byimurirwa kuri plaque, mubisanzwe bikozwe na aluminium.
Porogaramu ya Ink : Isahani yashizwemo wino. Agace k'ishusho ku isahani bikurura wino, mugihe agace kadashushanya karagaruka, tubikesha urwego rwamazi.
Kwimura amashusho : Isahani yambaye ihindura ishusho kuri kaburimbo ya reberi, ihinduranya idahuye.
Icapiro rya nyuma : Imyenda ya reberi ikanda ishusho hejuru yicapiro, iremeza kimwe, icapiro ryinshi.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryarushijeho gusohora inyandiko, bigatuma bihuta kandi birasobanutse. Ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa kuri mudasobwa (CTP), kurugero, ryagaragaye ko inzira yabanjirije iyinyamakuru, kuzamura imikorere no kugabanya amakosa.
2.6 Umwihariko kandi uvuza tekinoroji
3D icapiro
3D Icapiro, rizwi kandi ku bijyanye no gukora inganda zoherejwe, ni tekinoroji y'impimbano yubaka ibintu mu buryo buva mu buryo buva kuri digitale. Bitandukanye no gukora gakondo gakondo, bikuraho ibikoresho byo gukora imiterere, 3d byongeraho ibikoresho aho bikenewe, bituma habaho ibisabwa bigoye kandi bikabije kugirango umusaruro ukoreshe ubundi buryo.
Inyungu kuri Prototyping : Kimwe mubyiza byibanze bya 3D icapiro ni ubushobozi bwo kubyara prototypes vuba kandi ikiguzi - neza. Abashushanya na ba injeniyeri barashobora kwimura vuba, kugira ibyo bahindura kubishushanyo byabo kandi bigatanga verisiyo nshya mugice gisabwa nibikorwa gakondo.
Guhindura ibintu bigoye : 3D gucapa byingenzi mugutanga ibintu byihariye, niba ari ingufu zubuvuzi zijyanye nibigize umurwayi cyangwa ibice byihariye byimashini. Ikoranabuhanga ryemerera kugenzura neza ibicuruzwa byanyuma byibicuruzwa byanyuma, bigashoboka kurema ibintu bifite imiterere yimbere, nka latticework cyangwa imiyoboro, bidashoboka kugeraho nundi buryo bwo gukora.
Yayoboye uving
Yayoboye UV Icapiro rya UV ni tekinoroji yo gucapa ikoresha urumuri rwa ultraviolet (UV) kugirango rure cyangwa rwumishe wino nkuko byacapwe. Iyi nzira yemerera kurwara ako kanya, bivuze ko ibikoresho byacapwe bishobora gukemurwa ako kanya bidakubise cyangwa gusiga.
Icapiro ryinshi, icapiro ryangiza ibidukikije : yayoboye UV gucapa UV itanga icapiro ryiza rifite amabara akomeye, afite imbaraga. Igikorwa cyo gukiza ako kanya cyemeza ko wino iguma hejuru ya substrate, bikaviramo amabara meza kandi arambuye. Byongeye kandi, watumye uV icapiro rya UV rifite urugwiro rwibidukikije kuruta uburyo gakondo kuko bukoresha imbaraga nke kandi bigatanga ibyuka gake. Inks ikoreshwa mu icapiro ryayoboye naryo naryo ni ubuntu ibintu byamarika (vocs), bituma bituma ababisimburana kubahangayikishijwe no kuramba.
Instant wino gukiza : Gukoresha UV Light kugirango ukize bivuze ko wino yumye hafi ahita agaragara. Ibi byemerera ibihe byihuse byo kumara vuba no gukuraho ibikenewe byinyongera byumisha cyangwa inzira, bigatuma UV icapiro neza.
THERMOGHY NA PAD icapiro
THERMOVY NA PAD icapiro rya tekiniki zihariye zikoreshwa kubisabwa byihariye bisaba ingaruka zidasanzwe zo gucapa cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gucapa kuri ubuso budasanzwe.
THERMOGHY : THERMOPHOPH ni inzira itera kuzamurwa mu nshingano zishyize ahagaragara ifu yuzuye wino, hanyuma ushyushye kugirango usohore, glossy kurangiza. Ubu buhanga bukoreshwa mugukoresha amakarita yubucuruzi, inyuguti, nubutumire aho bifuza ingaruka nziza, nziza. Icapiro ryazamuye ryongeraho urwego rwibikoresho byacapwe, bituma bagaragara mubitekerezo no gukoraho.
Pad icapiro : PAD icapiro ni uburyo bwo gucapa ibintu bihuriramo ishusho ya 2D ku kintu cya 3D. Nibyiza cyane gucapa hejuru yubuso cyangwa ubudasanzwe, nkibintu bigoramye byibintu byamamaza, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, cyangwa ibice bya elegitoroniki. Inzira ikoresha padi silicone gufata wino muri plaque yanditseho hanyuma uyishyire kumutwe. Ibi bituma ucapishe neza kumyitwarire igoye nibikoresho, bigatuma biba byiza kubikorwa birambuye kuri bito cyangwa ibintu byingenzi.
Gusaba TheRMOGHY NA PAD icapiro :
THERMOGHY : Ibyiza kubakinnyi babigize umwuga, ubutumire, nibikoresho byiza byarakaje aho bizabera, birasabwa.
Pad icapiro : Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibintu byamamaza, ibikinisho, nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bisaba icapiro rirambuye ku buso butaringaniye.
Ibi biboneka kandi byihariye byo gucapa no kwishyurwa bitanga ibisubizo byihariye byo gucapa byihariye, bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gucapa, kandi bunoze, kandi bushingiye ku bidukikije, kandi bushingiye ku bidukikije kubibazo bigezweho byo gucapa.
3. Guhitamo Imashini Yicapiro
3.1 Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma
Mugihe uhitamo icapiro ryiza kumushinga wawe, ibintu byinshi bikomeye bigomba gufatwa nkibisubizo byiza.
Ikeneye umushinga
Intambwe yambere nugusuzuma ibisabwa byihariye byumushinga. Reba Icapiro Cyiza -Icapiro Ibihumbi bya kopi cyangwa igitego gito? Kubikorwa binini-, offset cyangwa flexografiya kanda birashobora kuba byiza kubera imikorere yabo hamwe nubunini bwinshi. Ariko, niba urebye integuro ntarengwa cyangwa icapiro ryabigenewe, icapiro rya digital rishobora kuba rikwiye.
Ibikurikira, tekereza kubikoresho . Imashini zitandukanye zikemura sport zitandukanye kurenza abandi. Kurugero, ecran icapiro ryingenzi kumyenda no mubero, mugihe rohotografiyure itunganye yo gupakira byoroshye. Ubwiza bwanditse bwanditse nabwo ni ngombwa-bungumbuye - amashusho arashobora gukurura icapiro, mugihe ibishushanyo byoroshye bishobora gukora neza hamwe na flexicografiya cyangwa icapiro rya dipéwo.
Igiciro no gukora neza
Igiciro ni ikintu gikomeye. Reba ibiciro bya setdup bifitanye isano na buri bwoko bwibinyamakuru. Kurugero, icapiro rya Offset ririmo ibiciro byibanze byashizweho kubera ibyaremwe ariko bikaba byiza-birenze urugero. Kurundi ruhande, gucapa kwa digitale, kurundi ruhande, bifite ibiciro bike byo gushiraho, bigatuma ari byiza kwiruka gato cyangwa imishinga isaba impinduka zihuse.
Suzuma umuvuduko wo kubyara . Flexografiya imashini za flexografiya, zizwi cyane ku bushobozi bwabo bwihuse, bubereye inganda zisaba umusaruro wihuse, nko gupakira. Ibinyuranye, umuvuduko wimikorere ya digitale, nubwo muri rusange gahoro, yishyurwa no guhinduka no koroshya.
Hanyuma, tekereza kubikorwa birebire . Itangazamakuru rishobora guhinduka vuba hagati yakazi hamwe nigihe gito cyo hasi gifite agaciro kubucuruzi bukemura imishinga itandukanye.
Ingaruka y'ibidukikije
Kuramba biragenda byingenzi mubikorwa byo gucapa. Suzuma ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije . Flexografi kandi yayoboye Gucapa UV, kurugero, itanga amahitamo yangiza ibidukikije hamwe na wino ishingiye ku mazi cyangwa uv-yakijije, itagira ingaruka mbi kuruta inka gakondo. Byongeye kandi, tekereza gucunga imyanda nimbaraga zingufu z'itangazamakuru. Kugabanya imyanda no gukoresha imashini zikoresha ingufu zirashobora kugabanya ibidukikije birenze urugero.
3.2 guhuza ubwoko bwamakuru hamwe na porogaramu
Kugirango uhitemo imashini icapiro ryiburyo, ni ngombwa guhuza ubwoko bwitangazamakuru kubikenewe byinganda zawe.
Inganda-Ibyifuzo Byihariye
Gupakira : Kubipakira, cyane cyane gupakira byoroshye, icapiro rya Flexografiya akenshi ni uguhitamo neza kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gucapa ibikoresho bidafite ishingiro kandi neza. Gravure Gucapa nubundi buryo bwo kwishyuza ubuziranenge, gupakira byinshi aho amakuru arambuye ari ngombwa.
Gusohora : Mu nganda zimenyekanisha, icapiro rya offset rikomeje gutanga ibitabo, ibinyamakuru, n'ibinyamakuru bitewe n'amashusho yo hejuru no gukora neza hejuru. Kubitabo bito, kubijyanye nibitabo, icapiro rya Digital ritanga ubundi buryo bufatika hamwe no gushiraho byihuse no guhinduka.
Imyenda : Kuri icapiro ryimyenda, icapiro rya ecran rikoreshwa cyane kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gucapa kumyenda itandukanye kandi itanga amabara arambye, vibrant. Gucapa bya ecran ya rotary ni byiza cyane kugirango bihuze ku muzingo wimyenda.
Inyigo
Suzuma ingero zifatika-zisi kugirango urebe uburyo imashini zitandukanya neza mu nzego zihariye:
Isosiyete nini y'ibinyobwa ikoresha icapiro rya Flexografiya kugirango rishobore gukora amamiriyoni ya labels buri munsi, kungukirwa numuvuduko wabanyamakuru no gukora neza.
Umubwiriza wa Boutique ahitamo icapiro rya digitale kugirango rigabanye ibitabo byubuhanzi, guha agaciro ubushobozi bwamakuru yo gukemura ibishushanyo mbonera nibicapo bihindura amakuru.
Imyambarire yimyambarire yishingikiriza kuri ecran yo gucapa ubuziranenge, ibishushanyo biramba byimyenda, ukoresheje inzira itandukanye kugirango wandike ubwoko butandukanye bwimyenda.
4. Ejo hazaza h'icomezabuhanga
4.1 gutera imbere muri digitale na 3D
Inganda zo gucapa byihuse hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya digitale na 3d. Udushya duhindura uburyo gakondo bwo gucapa duhuza imyitozo, ubwenge bwubukorikori (AI), hamwe no guhindura digitale.
Automation na AI mubicapa : Gukora birimo gukora inzira yo gucapa, kugabanya gutabara mu maboko, no kongera umuvuduko. AI yongera ubushobozi bwo gutegura akazi, guhanura ibikenewe byo kubungabunga, no kwemeza ubuziranenge buhamye. Kurugero, icapiro rya Ai rishobora guhita rihindura igenamiterere rishingiye kubikoresho nigishushanyo, kugabanya amakosa n'imyanda.
Ibihe bizaza mu icapiro rya 3D : 3D Icapiro rikomeje kuvugurura inganda. Kureka gukora prototypes, ubu ikoreshwa mugutanga ibice bigoye, byihariye munganda nka aerospace, imodoka, nubuvuzi. Imyitwarire myiza y'ejo hazaza ni Biopriting , aho ibyapa bya 3D bitera imiterere imeze nk'imiti ikunze gukoreshwa mu guterwa kwa muganga. Byongeye kandi, tekinike yo gukora cyane nkibintu byinshi-ibikoresho byinshi kandi byamabara menshi bigenda bigaragara cyane, yemerera ibishushanyo mbonera nibikorwa bikora.
4.2 Gukomeza gucapa
Nkuko impungenge zishingiye ku bidukikije zikura, inganda zo gucapa zirimo kwibanda cyane ku ndamba. Iyi mpinduka iratwara tekinoroji ya vico-urugwiro nibikorwa bigabanya ibidukikije byo gucapa.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibidukikije : Agace k'ingenzi ko guhanga udushya ni iterambere ry'ibiryo bishingiye ku mazi n'ibikoresho bisubirwamo. Ibirenge bishingiye kumazi ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije kuko bitarimo ibintu byamarika (amajwi) biboneka muri wino gakondo. Ibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa, nk'impapuro zakozwe muri fibre yasubijwe cyangwa biodegradupable, bigenda bimenyerewe cyane, cyane cyane mu gupakira no kubirata.
Udushya mu bikorwa birambye : Ibigo nabyo birakora kandi uburyo burambye icapiro ryarambye, nko kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge no kugabanya imyanda. Kurugero, yatumye UV icapiro rya UV uburyo buke buke kuruta gucapa gakondo kandi bitanga ubushyuhe buke, bigatuma urugwiro rufite ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, icapiro ni uburyo bwo gufata sisitemu ifunze isubiramo amazi na wino, yo kugabanya imyanda.
Ingaruka ku nganda : Imbaraga zirambye zitaba zigabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije gusa ahubwo zirahinduka inyungu zo guhatanira ubucuruzi. Abakiriya bagenda bashaka ibigo byerekana ko biyemeje gukomeza, gukora ibidukikije byo gucapa ibidukikije ikintu cyingenzi mubushakashatsi bwubucuruzi.
Ejo hazaza h'ikoranabuhanga ry'itangazamakuru riri mu bushobozi bwo guhuza n'amatoza n'iterambere rirambye. Nka digital Digital, icapiro rya 3D, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinono bikomeje guhinduka, inganda zizagenda neza, guhanga udushya, kandi zishinzwe ibidukikije.
Umwanzuro
Incamake y'ingingo z'ingenzi
Muri iyi ngingo yose, twasuzumye isi itandukanye yo gucapa imashini zicapiro, buri kimwe gifite ubushobozi budasanzwe na porogaramu. Kuva mu imashini gakondo ya offset, zizwiho imisaruro yo hejuru, igiciro cyiza cyimbuto nini, imashini zicapura za digitale, zitanga guhinduka no guhindagurika byihuse. Twagiye kandi mu buhanga bwihariye nka Flexowography, butunganye gupakira, no gucapa ecran, byiza kumyenda n'ibimenyetso. Byongeye kandi, twagaragaje akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga rigaragara nka 3D gucapa no kugacapa UV gucapa UV, bisunika imipaka y'ibishoboka byose.
Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gucapa ni ngombwa. Biterwa nibintu nkibi byapa, ibikoresho, kandi byifuzwa. Kurugero, gupakira amajwi menshi birashobora gukemurwa na flexografiya, mugihe ibyapa birambuye, byujuje ubuziranenge bishobora gusaba gucapa. Gusobanukirwa imbaraga nimbogamizi za buri kanda neza ko ushobora gufata icyemezo kiboneye cyujuje ibyo ukeneye.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma
Iyo turebye ejo hazaza, tugumaho amakuru agezweho mu nganda zo gucapura ni ngombwa. Udushya mu icapiro rya digitale, 3d gucapa, n'ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije ntabwo ari inzira nziza - zirimo guhindura ejo hazaza. Aya majyambere asezeranya kongera imikorere, kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije, kandi ufungure ibintu bishya byo guhanga.
Ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere ni kinini. Nkuko ikoranabuhanga rihindagurika, niko inzira zose turema kandi dusangira ibikoresho byacapwe. Muguma kubimenyeshwa no guhuza n'imiterere, urashobora gukoresha udushya kugirango tuguma imbere mu nganda zirushanwe.
Muri make, gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwo gucapa no gusaba ni urufunguzo rwo guhitamo neza imishinga yawe. Nkuko ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, ibishoboka byo gucapa bizaguka, bitanga amahirwe mashya yo guhanga no gukora neza.
Hamagara kubikorwa
Kwishora hamwe na sosiyete ya OYANG
Muri sosiyete ya Oyang, twiyemeje kugufasha kubona igisubizo cyiza cyo gucapa kubyo ukeneye. Waba ushaka ibicapo byujuje ubuziranenge, gupakira birambye, cyangwa tekinoroji yihariye yo gucapa, itsinda ryacu ryimpuguke rirahari kugirango rigufashe.
Twandikire Uyu munsi : Gira ibibazo cyangwa ukeneye inama kumushinga wawe wo gucapa? Ntutindiganye kugera. Abakozi bacu bafite ubumenyi barashobora kukuyobora binyuze mubikorwa, kukumenyesha kubona ibisubizo byiza. Urashobora kutwandikira ukoresheje terefone, imeri, cyangwa binyuze kurubuga rwacu.
Shakisha byinshi : Urashaka andi makuru yerekeye icapiro? Sura urubuga rwurubuga rwacu, aho uzasangamo ibisobanuro birambuye, inyandiko za blog, hamwe ninyigo. Ibi bikoresho byateguwe kugirango bigufashe gufata ibyemezo neza kandi tugakomeza kuvugururwa kubijyanye ninganda zigezweho.
Dutegereje gufatanya nawe kumushinga wawe utaha, tanga ibisubizo bishya kandi birambye byo gucapa ibintu byujuje ibyo ukeneye.
