Ukukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha kunezindleko eziningi ezibalulekile. Lezi izinto zokusetshenziswa, umsebenzi, ukusethwa komshini, izindleko zokusebenza, ukuphrinta, izithasiselo, kanye neziqinisi. Ukwazi ukwehlukaniswa kwezindleko kusiza abakhiqizi, abathengi, nabaqalayo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezingcono. Lapho izinkampani zabelana ngolwazi olucacile lwezindleko, zakha ukwethembana. Lokhu futhi kusiza ubudlelwano bebhizinisi ukuthi bube ngcono.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi kanjani ukuphumela obala ngezindleko kushintsha indlela abantu ababona ngayo futhi bethembe ngayo imboni.
| Yesici Esibalulekile |
Incazelo |
| Ukungafihli ku-B2B Marketing |
Ulwazi olucacile nolula ukuluthola mayelana nomkhiqizo, intengo, izindleko, kanye nenqubo kwenza izinto zivuleke kakhulu. |
| Ithonya Emibonweni |
Ukuvuleka kushintsha indlela abakhiqizi nabathengi abazizwa futhi bacabange ngayo. |
| Ukwethemba Nokwethembeka |
Ukuvuleka akwanele ukwakha ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende, imibono emisha, kanye nemithetho yokulandela. |
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Ukwazi ukuthi kubiza malini ukwenza izikhwama zephepha kusiza izinkampani zikhethe ngokuhlakanipha futhi zilawule ukusetshenziswa kwemali.
Izindleko ezinkulu zivela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zephepha. Ukubuka izintengo kungasiza ukonga imali eningi.
Izindleko zomsebenzi zenza ama-30-40% azo zonke izindleko. Ukusebenzisa imishini kungehlisa lezi zindleko futhi kwenze umsebenzi usheshe.
Ukuvuleleka ngezintengo kusiza abakhiqizi nabathengi ukuthi bathembane. Lokhu kuholela ezivumelwaneni zebhizinisi ezingcono.
Izindlela ezintsha zokusimama zishintsha imboni. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha kunganciphisa izindleko futhi kungenise amakhasimende akhathalela imvelo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza isikhwama samaphepha
Izingxenye zezindleko eziyinhloko
Izindleko zokukhiqiza isikhwama samaphepha zinezingxenye eziningi. Ingxenye ngayinye ishintsha ukuthi kubiza malini ukwenza isikhwama sephepha. Izingxenye zezindleko eziyinhloko yilezi:
Ama-Raw material
Umsebenzi
Ukusethwa komshini
Izindleko zokusebenza
Ukuphrinta
Izithasiselo
Iziqinisekiso
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo yizona zindleko ezinkulu ekwenzeni izikhwama zephepha. Iphepha le-Kraft, iphepha eligaywe kabusha, nephepha elikhethekile livame ukusetshenziswa. Intengo ye-paperboard ishintsha kakhulu. Uma intengo ikhuphuka, ukwenza izikhwama zephepha kubiza ngaphezulu. Izinkampani kumele zibuke lezi zintengo ngoba zishintsha izindleko zokugcina.
Izindleko zomsebenzi nazo zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zephepha. Abasebenzi abanamakhono bakhokhelwa ama-dollar ayi-15 kuye kwangama-25 ihora ngalinye. Izindleko zomsebenzi zingama-30-40% azo zonke izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha. Lezi zindleko zihlanganisa inkokhelo, izinzuzo, nezinguquko ngezikhathi ezimatasa. Ukusethwa komshini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza zengeza okwengeziwe enanini. Ukusetha imishini kungabiza u-$150 noma ngaphezulu. Izindleko zokusebenza zihlanganisa amandla, imishini yokulungisa, nokulungisa.
Ukuphrinta kanye nezithasiselo ezinye izindleko ezinkulu ekwenziweni kwezikhwama zephepha. Ukuphrinta okuvamile kubiza cishe u-$0.015 esikhwameni ngasinye. I-Die-cutting ingeza cishe u-$0.003 esikhwameni ngasinye. Izithasiselo neziqinisi ezifana nezimbotshana ezimelana namanzi noma izinto ezivikela ukudla zenza izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha zibe phezulu. Iglue nezibambo nazo zengeza ezindlekweni. Iglue ibiza cishe u-$0.005 isikhwama ngasinye, futhi ukuhlanganisa izikhwama kubiza cishe u-$0.015 esikhwameni ngasinye.
Izinkampani ezazi ngezindleko ngayinye zingalawula izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha kangcono futhi zenze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa isampula yezindleko zesikhwama sephepha esivamile:
| I-Cost Component |
I-Average Cost Isikhwama ngasinye |
| Ama-Raw material |
$0.02 |
| Umsebenzi |
$0.015 |
| Ukusethwa komshini |
$0.005 |
| Izindleko zokusebenza |
$0.007 |
| Ukuphrinta |
$0.015 |
| Izithasiselo |
$0.008 |
| Iziqinisekiso |
$0.005 |
| Glue nezibambo |
$0.01 |
| Ingqikithi |
$0.085 |
Umthelela enanini lokugcina
Izindleko zokukhiqiza isikhwama samaphepha zingashintsha lapho imakethe ishintsha. Intengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, njengephephabhodi, ingakhuphuka noma yehle. Uma kukhona ukunikezwa okuncane noma isidingo esiningi, izindleko ziyakhuphuka. Lokhu kwenza izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha zibe phezulu. Uma i-paperboard inzima ukuthola, intengo yokugcina yezikhwama zephepha ikhuphuka.
Izindleko zabasebenzi nazo zishintsha intengo yokugcina. Ezindaweni lapho iholo liphezulu khona, izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha ziphezulu. Izinkathi ezimatasa zingenza izindleko zokusebenza zibe ngaphezulu. Izinkampani zidinga ukuhlela lezi zinguquko ukuze zigcine izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha zingashintshi.
Ukusethwa komshini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza zengeza inani lezindleko. Imishini emisha ingase ibize ngaphezulu ukuyimisa, kodwa ingonga imali kamuva. Ukuphrinta, izithasiselo, neziqinisekiso nakho kushintsha intengo yokugcina. Ukuphrinta ngokwezifiso noma ukumbozwa okukhethekile kwenza izindleko zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha zikhuphuke.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza isikhwama samaphepha zincike ezintweni eziningi. Izinkampani ezibuka izindleko ngayinye zingasetha izintengo ezingcono futhi zihlale phambili.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe, umsebenzi, ukusethwa komshini, izindleko zokusebenza, ukuphrinta, izithasiselo, neziqinisi konke kusiza ukunquma inani lokugcina. Ngokwazi ukuwohloka kwezindleko, abakhiqizi bangashintsha izindleko zabo zokukhiqiza izikhwama zephepha futhi banikeze inani elingcono kumakhasimende.
Izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe
Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziyingxenye enkulu. Uhlobo lwephepha olusetshenziswayo luyashintsha ukuthi libiza malini. Izinkampani zikhetha iphepha le-kraft, eligaywe kabusha, noma elikhethekile. Uhlobo ngalunye lunentengo yalo futhi lushintsha izindleko zesikhwama.
Iphepha le-Kraft
Iphepha le-Kraft lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izikhwama. Ivela ku-pulp yokhuni olusha. Inqubo ye-kraft yenza iphepha liqine futhi libe lukhuni. Intengo yaleli phepha ihlala iqinile ngoba ukulenza kulula. Iphepha le-Kraft ligcina imali ezinkampanini eziningi. Uma abantu abaningi beyifuna noma ukuthunyelwa kuhamba kancane, intengo ingakhuphuka. Uma i-kraft paper ibiza kakhulu, ezinye izinkampani zizama ezinye izinqumo. Kodwa iphepha le-kraft lisathathwa kakhulu ngoba ligcina izindleko ziphansi.
Iphepha eligaywe kabusha
Iphepha eligaywe kabusha lisebenzisa iphepha elidala elivela kubantu. Inqubo idinga ukuhlunga nokuhlanza uyinki. Lezi zinyathelo ezengeziwe zenza iphepha eligaywe kabusha libize ngaphezu kwephepha le-kraft. Abantu abaningi bafuna izinto ezilungele imvelo, ngakho umehluko wentengo uya uba mncane. Iphepha eligaywe kabusha lisiza izinkampani ukuthi zibe luhlaza. Izindleko zincike ekutheni kulula kangakanani ukuthola iphepha elidala nokuthi ukugaywa kabusha kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ukuthenga amadili amaningi namadili amahle nabahlinzeki-mpahla kungakwenza kushibhe.
Iphepha elikhethekile
Iphepha elikhethekile linezici ezikhethekile njengokubukeka okucwebezelayo noma amandla engeziwe. Leli phepha libiza ngaphezu kwe-kraft noma iphepha eligaywe kabusha. Iphepha elikhethekile lidinga umsebenzi owengeziwe kanye nezinto ezikhethekile. Izinkampani ziyisebenzisela izikhwama zikanokusho noma zomkhiqizo. Inani lingashintsha kakhulu uma abantu belifuna kakhulu noma uma izinto ezikhethekile zibiza ngaphezulu. Uma i-kraft paper ibiza kakhulu, ezinye izinkampani zishintshela kokukhethekile noma ezinye izinto, kodwa lokhu kwenza izindleko zikhuphuke.
Izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe zincike ohlotsheni lwephepha, ukuthi kuthengwa malini, futhi kusebenzisana nabahlinzeki. Ukuthenga okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa kungenza isikhwama ngasinye sishibhe. Lokho abantu abakufunayo nokuthi lihle kangakanani iphepha nakho kushintshe izindleko.
| Uhlobo Lwephepha |
Eziyinhloko Zeleveli Yezindleko |
Izici |
| Kraft |
Phansi ukuya Okumaphakathi |
Intengo enamandla, ezinzile, evamile |
| Kugaywe kabusha |
Maphakathi |
I-Eco-friendly, izindleko zenqubo ephezulu |
| Okukhethekile |
Phezulu |
Ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele, ukucubungula okwengeziwe |
Izithasiselo nezindleko zokumboza
Izithasiselo nezingubo zokugqoka zibalulekile ekwenzeni izikhwama zephepha. Zisiza ukugcina izikhwama ziphephile futhi zivikele ukudla ngaphakathi. Lezi zici zenza isikhwama ngasinye sibize kakhulu ukwenza. Izinkampani kufanele zicabange ngentengo nemithetho yalezi zinto zokwakha.
Izingubo ezimelana namanzi
Izingubo ezimelana namanzi zisiza izikhwama ukuthi zihlale ziqinile uma zimanzi. Avimbe amanzi ukuthi angangeni ephepheni. Izinkampani zisebenzisa i-wax, i-resin, noma amafilimu akhethekile kulokhu. Izindleko zincike ekutheni hlobo luni futhi lungakanani olusetshenziswayo. Ezinye izimbotshana zengeza u-$0.003 kuya ku-$0.008 esikhwameni ngasinye. Ukusebenzisa i-coating eyengeziwe kwenza izindleko zikhuphuke. Iphepha elincanyana lidinga ukunameka okwengeziwe, ngakho libiza kakhulu. Lezi zimbotshana zisiza izikhwama ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside futhi zigcine izinto ziphephile. Baphinde basize izinkampani ukuthi zilandele imithetho yokupakisha. Ezinye izinto zokumboza zenza ukugaywa kabusha kube nzima, ngakho izinkampani kufanele zicabange ngezindleko kanye nokuba ne-eco-friendly.
Izithasiselo eziphephile ekudleni
Izithasiselo ezivikela ukudla zenza izikhwama zibambe ukudla ngokuphephile. Lezi zengezo kumele zilandele imithetho eqinile. Izindleko zincike ohlotsheni nenani elisetshenzisiwe. Imithetho eminingi ithi izithasiselo zokudla azikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka-0.5% wesisindo sephepha. Uhlangothi oluthinta ukudla ludinga ukujiya okungenani okungu-1/3-mil. Ezinye izikhwama zidinga umgoqo, njengefilimu eyengeziwe noma iphepha elimelana namafutha, ukugcina ukudla kuphephile. Lezi zinyathelo zenza isikhwama ngasinye sibize kakhulu. Izinkampani kufanele futhi zinikeze izinkomba ezicacile okufanele zilandelwe imithetho yokulebula.
Izingubo ezivikela ukudla nezithasiselo zisiza izinkampani ukuthi zilandele imithetho futhi zigcine abantu bephephile. Benza nezikhwama zephepha zibiza kakhulu ukuzenza.
| Yesidingo Sokuhambisana |
Incazelo |
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwengeza Ukudla |
Isengezo sokudla akumele sidlule u-0.5% ngesisindo sephepha. |
| Imfuneko Yokumboza |
Indawo okuthintana nayo nokudla kumele imbozwe ngaphezulu nge-polymeric noma i-resinous coating okungenani u-1/3-mil ubukhulu. |
| Isithiyo Esisebenzayo |
Iphepha elilashiwe kufanele lihlukaniswe nokudla okungenani ngefilimu yokupakisha eyodwa noma amaphepha amelana namafutha. |
| Isidingo sokulebula |
Iziqondiso ezanele zokusetshenziswa kufanele zifakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemibandela ethile. |
Izithasiselo kanye nama-coatings zenza izikhwama zephepha zibize kakhulu ukuzenza. Basiza izinkampani ukuthi zilandele imithetho yezokuphepha futhi zenze izikhwama ezingcono. Uhlobo lwephepha, uhlobo lokunameka, kanye nenani lezithako konke kushintsha izindleko. Izinkampani kufanele zibheke lezi zindleko ukuze zihlale zilungile futhi zilandele umthetho.
Izindleko zokuphrinta noyinki
Ukuphrinta noyinki kudlala indima enkulu ezindlekweni zesikhwama sephepha. Lezi zindleko zingashintsha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lokunyathelisa, uyinki osetshenzisiwe, nokuthi inkampani ifuna ukufaka uphawu olungakanani. Ukuphrinta kwenza isikhwama ngasinye sibukeke sihlukile futhi kusiza amabhrendi agqame. Izinketho ezifanele zingagcina izindleko ziphansi ngenkathi zenza izikhwama zibukeke zizinhle.
Ukuphrinta okujwayelekile
Ukuphrinta okujwayelekile kusebenzisa imiklamo elula nemibala eyisisekelo. Izinkampani eziningi zikhetha le ndlela kuma-oda amakhulu. Izindleko zokuphrinta okujwayelekile zingaba ngu-$0.015 isikhwama ngasinye. I-Die-cutting, ebumba isikhwama, ingeza enye i-$0.003 isikhwama ngasinye. Lezi zindleko zihlala ziqinile lapho izinkampani zisebenzisa umklamo ofanayo wezikhwama eziningi. Ukuphrinta okujwayelekile kusebenzisa uyinki omncane nemibala embalwa, ngakho kugcina izindleko ziphansi. Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa i-kraft paper eluhlaza ukuphrinta okujwayelekile ngoba imunca kahle uyinki futhi igcina isikhwama siqinile. Ingaphezulu lephepha eliluhlaza lisiza nokuthi uyinki wome ngokushesha, okonga isikhathi nezindleko.
Ukuphrinta okujwayelekile kusebenza kangcono kumalogo alula nombhalo.
Isebenzisa uyinki omncane, ngakho igcina izindleko ziphansi.
Iphepha elingahluziwe livamise ukuba yisinqumo sokuqala sale ndlela.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso
Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zengeze imiklamo ekhethekile, imibala, noma amaphepho ezikhwameni zazo. Ukuphrinta ngokwezifiso kubiza kakhulu ngoba kusebenzisa uyinki omningi futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezinhlobo ezikhethekile zikayinki. Oyinki be-pigment babiza kakhulu kunoyinki odayi, kodwa bahlala isikhathi eside futhi babukeka kangcono ngaphandle. Oyinki bedayi bashibhile futhi banikeza imibala egqamile, kodwa bayashabalala ngokushesha. Ukukhethwa kukayinki kuthinta kokubili ukubukeka nezindleko zesikhwama. Izinkampani ezifuna ukufaka uphawu oluqinile zivame ukukhetha oyinki be-pigment, nakuba izindleko ziphezulu.
Ukuphrinta ngokwezifiso kunganyusa izindleko, kodwa kusiza amabhrendi agqame futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo ezikhethekile.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi ukukhetha okuhlukile kuzithinta kanjani izindleko:
| Uhlobo Lokuphrinta Lohlobo |
Lwe-Ink Isilinganiso Izindleko |
Ngesikhwama ngasinye . |
Ezinhle |
| Okujwayelekile |
Udayi |
$0.015 |
Ama-oda alula, amakhulu |
| Ngokwezifiso |
I-Pigment |
$0.020+ |
Ukuthengisa okuqinile, ngaphandle |
Ikhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe iphinde iguqule indlela uyinki obukeka ngayo nokuthi kubiza malini. Iphepha elingahluziwe lekhwalithi ephezulu lingenza imibala igqame futhi linciphise ukusetshenziswa kukayinki. Izinkampani kufanele zilinganisele izindleko zokunyathelisa, uyinki, nezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze zithole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Izibambo kanye ne-glue izindleko
Bamba izinto zokwakha
Izinto zokubamba ziyingxenye enkulu yezindleko zesikhwama sephepha. Izinkampani zikhetha izibambo ezisontekile noma izibambo eziyisicaba. Izibambo ezisontekile zidinga iphepha elengeziwe ukuze zisonte futhi zibe namandla. Imishini yezibambo ezisontekile kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Lezi zinto zenza izibambo ezisontekile zibize kakhulu isikhwama ngasinye. Izibambo eziyisicaba zisebenzisa izinto ezilula nezinyathelo. Ayashesha ukwenza futhi abiza kancane. Izinkampani ezifuna ukonga imali zikhetha izibambo eziyisicaba.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezibambo eziyinhloko:
| I-Handle Type |
Material Complexity |
Production Speed |
Impact on Costs |
| Isontekile |
Phezulu |
Kancane |
Phezulu |
| Isicaba |
Phansi |
Ngokushesha |
Phansi |
Ukukhetha isibambo kushintsha indlela isikhwama esibukeka ngayo nokuthi siqine kangakanani. Iphinde iguqule izindleko eziphelele. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe isibambo esifanelana nezidingo zabo kanye nesabelomali.
Glue nokuhlanganisa
Izindleko zeglue nezokuhlanganisa zengeza ngokushesha lapho wenza izikhwama zephepha. Isikhwama ngasinye sidinga iglue ukuze sibambe izibambo nemithungo. Iglue ibiza cishe u-$0.005 isikhwama ngasinye. Umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa izikhwama ubiza cishe u-$0.015 esikhwameni ngasinye. Lezi zindleko zingashintsha uma izinkampani zisebenzisa iglue ehlukene noma zidinga abasebenzi abengeziwe.
Imishini ehlanganisa izikhwama isiza izinkampani ukuthi zonge imali. Imishini emisha isebenzisa amandla amancane futhi isebenza ngokushesha. Umuntu oyedwa angasebenzisa umshini wonke. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko zabasebenzi futhi kwenza umsebenzi ube ngcono. Imishini esika izikhwama neglue imosha izinto ezincane. Izikhwama ezimbi ezimbalwa zisho ukulahlekelwa okuncane. Izinkampani zingehlisa izindleko zabasebenzi ngesigamu. Imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo yehla isuka ku-5% iye ku-1-2% kuphela.
Ukuthenga imishini emihle ye-automation kungakwehlisa izindleko zakho ukwenza nokupakisha izikhwama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinkampani ezithenga i-automation zibona izindleko zehla ngo-15-20%. Lokhu konga kusiza izinkampani zithole okwengeziwe futhi zihlale ziqinile ebhizinisini. Izindleko zeglue nezokuhlanganisa zisabalulekile, kodwa imishini ehlakaniphile nezinyathelo ezinhle zingasiza kakhulu.
Ukusethwa komshini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza
Izindleko zokusetha
Ukuqala ifekthri yesikhwama sephepha kudinga ukuhlela okuhle. Izinkampani kufanele zikhethe imishini ehambisana nezidingo zazo. I Izindleko zokusetha ziyashintsha ngohlobo lomshini. Imishini ye-semi-automatic ibiza kusuka ku-$5,000 kuya ku-$20,000 . Imishini ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ibiza u-$20,000 kuya ku-$150,000. Imishini enesivinini esikhulu ibiza u-$50,000 kuya ku-$300,000. Imishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingabiza ngaphezu kwama-$500,000. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izinhlobo zemishini nezindleko zayo.
| Zohlobo Lomshini |
Ububanzi Bezindleko |
| I-Semi-Automatic |
$5,000 - $20,000 |
| Okuzenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele |
$20,000 - $150,000 |
| Ijubane eliphezulu |
$50,000 - $300,000 |
| Ngokwezifiso |
$100,000 - $500,000+ |
Izinkampani zikhokha lezi zindleko ngaphambi kokwenza izikhwama. Izindleko zokusetha zihlanganisa ukufaka imishini, ukuqeqeshwa, nokuhlola. Imishini emisha idinga abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuyiqhuba. Lezi zindleko ziphezulu, kodwa zisiza ukwenza izikhwama eziningi ngokushesha.
Izindleko zokusebenza
Izindleko zokusebenza yizindleko zansuku zonke zokuqhuba imboni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi irenti, izinto zokusetshenziswa, inkokhelo, izinsiza, nezikhangiso. Ithebula elingezansi libala izindleko eziyinhloko kanye nebanga lezindleko zazo.
| Ingxenye Yezindleko |
Ebanga Lezindleko |
Amanothi |
| Qasha/Qasha |
$8,000 - $15,000 |
Kuya ngendawo nosayizi |
| Ama-Raw material |
$5,000 - $12,000 |
Ukuthenga ngenqwaba kungehlisa izindleko |
| Amaholo/Amaholo |
$20,000 - $50,000 |
Kubandakanya inkokhelo nezinzuzo |
| Izindleko Zezinsiza |
$2,000 - $5,000 |
Izinguquko ngamaleveli okukhiqiza |
| Ukumaketha/Ukukhangisa |
Iyahlukahluka |
Ngokusekelwe isu |
Izindleko zamandla ziyingxenye enkulu yezindleko eziphelele. Ukwenza ithani elilodwa lephepha kusebenzisa amandla angaba ngu-5,000 kWh. Izindleko zamandla zingama-25-30% azo zonke izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kungasiza ukwehlisa lezi zindleko. Ukunakekela kunezela ezindlekweni zokusebenza futhi. Ukulungiswa okuvamile kugcina imishini isebenza kahle futhi imisa ukuphuka.
Izinkampani kufanele zibheke izindleko zazo nsuku zonke. Bangonga imali ngokusebenzisa amandla amancane kanye nemishini yokulungisa kaningi. Izindleko eziphansi zisiza izinkampani ukunikeza amanani angcono futhi zihlale ziqinile ebhizinisini.
Ithiphu: Izinkampani ezibuka izindleko zazo eduze zingathola izindlela zokonga imali futhi zenze kangcono.
Izindleko zokuqalisa zokukhiqiza isikhwama samaphepha
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala
Ukuqala ukukhiqiza isikhwama sephepha kudinga ukuhlela okuhle. Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi yimalini oyidingayo. Inani lincike ekutheni isiqalo sakho sikhulu kangakanani. Ukuqala okuncane kungaqala ngo-$10,000. Abanye badinga kufika ku-$200,000 ukuze bathole ukusetha okukhulu. Amaphrojekthi amakhulu angase adinge u-$500,000 noma ngaphezulu. E-India, iziqalo eziningi zisebenzisa INR 10-15 Lakh. Lezi zindleko zikhokhela imishini, indawo, izinto zokwakha kanye nenkokhelo yezisebenzi. Wonke umuntu oqalayo kufanele acabange ngalezi zindleko ngaphambi kokuqala.
Ukuqalisa futhi kudinga ukuhlela izindleko ezengeziwe. Lezi zindleko zifaka amalayisense, umshwalense, nezikhangiso. Abaningi abaqalayo bayakhohlwa ngalezi zindleko, kodwa banendaba. Iziqalo ezihlakaniphile zibala zonke izindleko ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imali. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi bagweme izinto ezingalindelekile futhi baphathe imali kangcono.
Ukuqala okuncane: $ 10,000 kuya ku-$200,000
Ukuqala okukhulu: $500,000 noma ngaphezulu
Ukuqala kwamaNdiya: INR 10-15 Lakh
Izinketho zemishini
Ukukhetha imishini efanele kubalulekile ekuqaleni. Ungathenga imishini emisha, imishini esetshenzisiwe, noma uyiqashise. Imishini emisha ibiza ngaphezulu futhi ikhuphule izindleko zokuqalisa. Imishini esetshenzisiwe ingonga kufikela ku-40% wezindleko. Ukuqashisa kwehlisa imali oyidingayo ekuqaleni. Ezinye iziqalo zengeza imishini kancane njengoba ikhula. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi balawule izindleko futhi bagweme izingozi ezinkulu. Umthelela
| Wokukhetha |
Kwezisetshenziswa Ezindlekweni Zokuqalisa |
| Imishini Emisha |
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu |
| Isisetshenziswa Esilungisiwe |
Ingonga kufika ku-40% |
| Izinketho Zokuqashisa |
Inciphisa izindleko zokuqala kakhulu |
| Ukwandiswa Okukhulayo |
Ikuvumela ukuthi utshale imali kancane |
Ukuqala kufanele kuqhathanise zonke izinketho zemishini. Kudingeka bacabange ngezindleko, isivinini somshini, nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo. Ukukhetha ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kusiza abaqalayo ukuthi benze kahle futhi balawule izindleko.
Ithiphu: Iziqalo ezihlela izindleko nezinketho zemishini zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zigweme izinkinga.
Izici zemakethe ezithinta izindleko
Ukushintshashintsha kwamanani
Amanani emakethe ashintsha kakhulu. Lokhu kuthinta ukuthi kungakanani izindleko zokwenza izikhwama zephepha . Uma amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa enyuka, izinkampani zikhokha kakhulu isikhwama ngasinye. Izintengo ze-Paperboard ziyakhuphuka uma isidingo siphezulu noma ukunikezwa kuphansi. Izintengo zamandla nazo ziyehla zenyuka. Lokhu kwenza imishini esebenzayo ibize kakhulu. Amanani kaphethiloli angakhuphuka futhi enze ezokuthutha zibize kakhulu. Izinkampani zidinga ukubuka lezi zinguquko ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bashintsha izinhlelo zabo zezindleko ukuze bahlale beqinile.
Izinto eziningi zenza amanani ehle. Isimo sezulu esibi singalimaza amahlathi futhi sinciphise izinkuni. Imithetho yohwebo ingenza impahla yokungenisa ezweni ibize kakhulu. Ukuthenga izinto eziningi kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zikhokhe kancane isikhwama ngasinye. Izinkampani ezincane zikhokha kakhulu ngoba zithenga kancane. Intengo yokugcina yezikhwama zephepha incike ekutheni izinkampani zisingatha kahle kanjani lezi zinguquko zemakethe.
Umthelela wokulawula
Imithetho kahulumeni iyashintsha ukuthi kubiza malini ukwenza izikhwama zamaphepha. Imithetho yezemvelo ithi izinkampani kumele zisebenzise izinto eziphephile futhi zilandele izinyathelo eziqinile. Le mithetho yenza ukukhiqiza kubize kakhulu. Izinkampani zisebenzisa imali eyengeziwe emanzini, amandla, nemishini ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso. Baphinde bakhokhele izinto zokumboza ezikhethekile nezithasiselo zokugcina izikhwama ziphephile ukuze zidle.
Ukulandela imithetho yezemvelo kwengeza izindleko ezengeziwe. Ukwenza izikhwama zephepha kusebenzisa amandla aphindwe kane kunezinye izinketho. Izikhwama zephepha zinesisindo esiphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunezinye izinketho. Lokhu kwenza ezokuthutha zibize kakhulu. Izinkampani kufanele ziqoqe futhi zihambise izikhwama kaningi. Lokhu kunyusa izindleko kubantu abazithengayo.
Ukwenza izikhwama zamaphepha kusho ukusika izihlahla, ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi, nokusebenzisa imishini emikhulu.
Izinkampani zikhokha kakhulu ngoba imishini iyabiza futhi isebenzisa amandla amaningi.
Lezi zindleko zidluliselwa kubathengi, ngakho izikhwama zamaphepha zibiza ngaphezulu.
Imithetho isiza ukuvikela imvelo, kodwa yenza izindleko zibe phezulu kuwo wonke umuntu. Izinkampani zizama ukulandela imithetho futhi zigcine izindleko ziphansi. Babheka izindlela zokonga amandla nokusebenzisa izinto ezingcono. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula izindleko futhi kugcine ibhizinisi labo liqinile.
Isibonelo sokuhlukaniswa kwezindleko
Isikhwama sephepha esijwayelekile
Isikhwama sephepha esijwayelekile sinezingxenye ezimbalwa zezindleko. Ingxenye ngayinye yengeza enanini lokugcina. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko okujwayelekile kwesikhwama sephepha esisodwa esijwayelekile. Lezi zinombolo zisebenzisa izibalo zemboni ezijwayelekile.
| Izindleko Zengxenye |
Yezindleko Isikhwama ngasinye (USD) |
| Ama-Raw material |
$0.020 |
| Umsebenzi |
$0.015 |
| Ukusethwa komshini |
$0.005 |
| Izindleko zokusebenza |
$0.007 |
| Ukuphrinta |
$0.015 |
| Izithasiselo |
$0.008 |
| Iziqinisekiso |
$0.005 |
| Glue nezibambo |
$0.010 |
| Ingqikithi |
$0.085 |
Qaphela: Lezi zindleko zingashintsha ngokusekelwe endaweni, usayizi we-oda, namadili abahlinzeki.
A Isikhwama esijwayelekile sisebenzisa iphepha le-kraft . Inokuphrinta okulula nezibambo eziyisicaba. Izinkampani eziningi zikhetha lolu hlobo ezitolo zegrosa nezitolo zokudayisa. Izindleko zihlala ziphansi ngoba umklamo uyisisekelo futhi izinto zokwakha zitholakala kalula.
Izinguquko ngohlobo
Izikhwama zamaphepha ezihlukene zinezindleko ezihlukene. Uhlobo lwephepha, ukuphrinta, nezibambo kungashintsha intengo. Izikhwama ezikhethekile zisebenzisa iphepha elibiza kakhulu noma ukuphrinta ngokwezifiso. Izikhwama ezivikela ukudla zidinga ukumbozwa okwengeziwe. Lezi zinguquko zengeza ezindlekweni.
Izikhwama zamaphepha ezigaywe kabusha : Lezi zikhwama zisebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha. Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zikhuphukela cishe ku-$0.025 isikhwama ngasinye.
Izikhwama eziphrintiwe ngokwezifiso : Amalogo ngokwezifiso noma imibala yenyusa izindleko zokuphrinta zibe ngu-$0.020 noma ngaphezulu isikhwama ngasinye.
Izikhwama zokubamba ezisontekile : Izibambo ezisontekile zidinga izinto eziningi kanye nomsebenzi. Izindleko zeglue nesibambo zingafinyelela ku-$0.015 isikhwama ngasinye.
Izikhwama ezivikela ukudla : Izingubo ezivikela ukudla zengeza u-$0.003 kuya ku-$0.008 isikhwama ngasinye.
Izinkampani kufanele zihlole ingxenye ngayinye yezindleko ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo lwesikhwama. Izinguquko ezincane ekuklanyweni noma ezintweni zingakhuphula inani lentengo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko okucacile kusiza abathengi nabakhiqizi bahlele kangcono. Iphinde ibasize baqhathanise izinketho nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali.
Amathrendi okusebenza kahle kwezindleko
Emisha
Imibono emisha eminingi ukusiza izinkampani zichithe imali encane zenza izikhwama zephepha. Izimboni zisebenzisa imishini enobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile manje. Le mishini isebenza ngokushesha futhi yenza amaphutha ambalwa. Badinga usizo oluncane lwabasebenzi. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko zabasebenzi cishe ngama-25%. Imishini eyonga amandla isebenzisa amandla amancane futhi yenza ukumosha okuncane. Lokhu konga imali ezikweletini zikagesi.
Ukuzenzakalela kwenza ukukhiqiza kusheshe futhi kube ngcono.
Imishini yesimanje idinga usizo oluncane kubantu.
Izimboni zingenza izikhwama eziningi zomumo nosayizi manje.
Imishini yokonga amandla isebenzisa amandla amancane futhi yenza udoti omncane.
Abakhiqizi basebenzisa iphepha le-kraft eligaywe kabusha kanye nemicu yemfucuza yasepulazini. Lezi zinto zibiza kancane futhi zisiza iplanethi. Ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo njengamapulasitiki angaboli kanye nezindwangu ezilungele imvelo. Lezi zinguquko zisekela umnotho oyindilinga. Ukupakisha kungasetshenziswa kabusha noma kuphuke ngokwemvelo.
Ukusimama
Ukusimama kuyashintsha indlela izinkampani ezenza ngayo izikhwama zephepha namuhla. Izimboni eziningi zigxile ezindleleni ezilungele imvelo manje. Basebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha kanye nemishini yokuklama yalezi zinto ezintsha. Lokhu kusiza imvelo futhi kunikeza amakhasimende lokho akufunayo.
Izinkampani zonga imali zisebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha nezivuselelekayo.
Izindlela ezilungele imvelo ziheha amakhasimende amaningi anendaba nemvelo.
Izisetshenziswa ezintsha zisebenza kangcono ngezinto ezizinzile futhi zehlisa udoti.
Ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zilandele imithetho futhi zisebenzise imali encane.
Izindlela zokusimama zicindezela izinkampani ukuthi zithole izindlela ezingcono zokwenza izikhwama. Le mizamo yonga imali futhi ivikele imvelo. Njengoba abantu abaningi befuna imikhiqizo eluhlaza, izinkampani ezilandela lezi zindlela zingakhula futhi zigcine izindleko ziphansi.
Ukwenza izikhwama zephepha kunezindleko eziningi ezibalulekile. Izinkampani zikhokha kakhulu ngezinto zokusetshenziswa. Izinyathelo zokwenza izikhwama azilula. Badinga futhi ukuthola izinto ezilungele iplanethi. Ukwazi lezi zindleko kusiza izinkampani zenze izinhlelo ezinhle futhi zikhule.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe zibiza ngaphezulu
Ukwenza izikhwama kuyinkimbinkimbi
Izinkampani kufanele zisebenzise izinto zokwakha ezinobungani bemvelo
Ukubuka izindleko ngaso sonke isikhathi kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zihlale ziqinile. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izindlela zokonga imali nokugcina izinto zizinzile. Umthelela
| Wesu |
Ezindlekweni |
| Ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza |
Inganciphisa izindleko ngaphezu kuka-20% |
| Ukuxoxisana ngezivumelwano zokuthenga ngobuningi |
Isiza ukugcina okunikezwayo kuzinzile futhi kwehlisa izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo kakhulu |
Izinkampani kufanele zibheke izindleko zazo njalo futhi zicele usizo ochwepheshe uma kudingeka. Ukuhlola izindleko nokwenza izinto zibe ngcono kusiza izinkampani zishintshe futhi zenze kahle.
FAQ
Iyiphi ingxenye ebiza kakhulu yokwenza isikhwama sephepha?
Izinto ezingavuthiwe zibiza imali eningi. Iphepha le-Kraft, iphepha eligaywe kabusha, nezintengo zephepha ezikhethekile zishintsha kakhulu. Izinkampani zihlola lezi zintengo njalo. Intengo yephepha ishintsha ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye sibiza malini.
Izinkampani zehlisa kanjani izindleko zabasebenzi ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zephepha?
Izimboni zisebenzisa imishini esebenza ngokushesha. Le mishini idinga abasebenzi abambalwa. I-automation isiza izinkampani ukuthi zonge imali. Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ukusebenzisa imishini emisha kuyasiza. Yehlisa amaphutha futhi yenza izikhwama ngokushesha.
Kungani ezinye izikhwama zamaphepha zibiza kakhulu kunezinye?
Iphepha elikhethekile, ukuphrinta ngokwezifiso, nama-coatings aphephile ekudleni kwenza izikhwama zibiza kakhulu. Izikhwama ezinezibambo ezisontekile noma iziqinisekiso ezengeziwe zibiza kakhulu. Izinkampani zikhetha izici ngokusekelwe kulokho amakhasimende akufunayo nokuthi angasebenzisa malini.
Ingabe izikhwama zamaphepha ezigaywe kabusha zingaqina njengezikhwama zephepha ze-kraft?
Izikhwama zephepha ezigaywe kabusha zingaba namandla uma kusetshenziswa imicu emihle egaywe kabusha. Ezinye izikhwama ezigaywe kabusha zidinga ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe noma izimbotshana. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi bafanise amandla ezikhwama zephepha ze-kraft.
Yimiphi imithetho okufanele izinkampane ziyilandele lapho zenza izikhwama zamaphepha eziphephile ekudleni?
Izinkampani kufanele zisebenzise izithasiselo ezivunyiwe kanye nama-coatings. Uhlangothi oluthinta ukudla ludinga ungqimba olukhethekile. Amalebula kufanele abonise izikhombisi-ndlela zokusebenzisa ngokuphephile. Le mithetho isiza ukugcina ukudla kuphephile futhi ilandele izindinganiso zikahulumeni.
Ithiphu: Abathengi kufanele bacele ubufakazi bokuthi izikhwama ezivikela ukudla zilandela imithetho.
