Kupanga kwa makina agalu apepala kunali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri yonyamula. Blog iyi imawunikira oyambitsa ofunikira komanso zopereka zawo pakukula kwa makina apepala, kuwonetsa zotulukapo ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zapanga zatsopano zomwe zapanga zolemba zamakono.
Chiyambi
Zikwama za pepala ndizofunikira m'makampani a lero. Iwo ndi okonda kucheza, olimba, komanso mosiyanasiyana. Koma kodi ndani adapanga makina agalasi? Kupanga kumeneku kumapangitsa momwe timagwiritsira ntchito ndikupanga matumba a mapepala.
Kufunikira kwa pepala m'masamba amakono
Matumba a pepala ndiofunikira kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Amaperekanso njira yokhazikika mpaka m'matumba apulasitiki. Mabizinesi ambiri amakonda mapepala a mapindu ake. Ndiwo biodegrages, amabwezeretsanso, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zokonzanso.
Mwachidule pazoyambitsa zazikulu ndi zopereka zawo
Atatu omwe amangoyimilira m'mbiri ya makina ang'onoapepala:
Francis Wolle : Adapanga makina oyamba a pepala mu 1852. Makina ake adatulutsa matumba osavuta, envelope.
Margaret knight : yotchedwa 'Sanjani mfumukazi, ' Adapanga makina mu 1868 omwe adapanga matumba a pansi, omwe anali othandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri.
Charles Stalwell : Mu 1883, adapanga makina omwe amatulutsa matumba osavuta, kukonza kusungira ndikunyamula.
Woyamba Woyamba: Francis Wolle
Francis Woller
Francis Wolle anali mphunzitsi wochokera ku Pennsylvania. Kukondwereka kwake ndi zida zokha komanso zida zamakina kunamutsogolera kuti asinthe. Mu 1852, adakhazikitsa makina oyamba apepala. Makinawa adatulutsa zikwama zophweka, envelopu. Kupangidwa kwa Wolle kunawonetsa gawo lofunikira m'mbiri yopuma. Zomwe anali kuphunzitsa pophunzitsa zingasonkhetsetseka njira yake yothetsera mavuto. Anaphatikizana ndi luso lake la maphunziro ndi chikondi chake cha makina, kutsitsa njira yopita patsogolo mtsogolo m'mapepala.
Makina oyambira apepala (1852)
Francis wollelle adapanga makina oyamba a pepala mu 1852. Makinawa adasinthitsa momwe matumba adapangidwira, ndikupanga zikwama zosavuta, mapepala. Idagwiritsa ntchito pepalalo kuti lithetse njira yopanga.
Makina a Wolle adagwira ntchito
Makinawo adangoyendetsa pepala mu mndandanda wa kudula ndi kulumikizidwa njira. Njira izi zidapangitsa pepalalo m'matumba. Njirayi inali yabwino, kupanga chinthu chodalirika komanso chodalirika. Kupangidwa kwa Wolle kumapereka kwambiri njira yopangira chikwama poyerekeza njira zamalemba.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani yamakina a Union
Pambuyo pakupanga kwake, woli ndi mchimwene wake adakhazikitsa kampani yamakina a Union. Kampaniyi imangoyang'ana pakupanga ndi kugulitsa zikwama zamapepala. Zinachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu zofananira m'mapepala pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kupambana kwawo kunawonetsa phindu komanso luso la kuyambitsa kwa wolle, kukhazikitsa njira yopita patsogolo mtsogolo mwa mapepala.
Bungwe la Mndandanda wa Pepala: Margaret Knight
Mbiri ya Margaret Knight
Margaret knight, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa 'Goomen Can Kienge, ' anali mayina atsopano. Wobadwa mu 1838, adawonetsa mkanjo popanga zida zothandiza kuyambira zaka. Asanapange makina agalu apepala, adapanga zopangidwa zina zingapo, kuphatikizapo chida chotetezera cha malo okhala. Malingaliro ake ofunikira adamutsogolera kuti azigwira ntchito pa kampani ya Columbia, komwe adamupatsa chidwi kwambiri.
Makina am'madzi osalala (1868)
Mu 1868, knight adapanga makina omwe adatulutsa zikwama. Kapangidweka kanali kusintha chifukwa kumalola matumba kuti aimirire molunjika, kuwapangitsa kukhala othandiza pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makina ake adangopinda zokha ndikumatula pepalalo, ndikupanga matumba okhwima ndi odalirika.
Makina a Knight adagwira ntchito bwanji
Makina adadulidwa, chopindidwa, ndikuthira pepalalo motsatira njira yopitilira. Idapanga thumba lotsika kwambiri, lomwe linali lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kuposa matumba a envelopu yoyambirira. Kudziwanso izi kunasintha magwiridwe antchito a mapepala.
Kumenyedwa kwalamulo patent (1871)
Knight adakumana ndi ndalama zovomerezeka kuti ateteze patent yake mu 1871. Charles Arnan, makina, adayesera kuti apangitse kupanga kwake monga ake. Knight adateteza patent yake bwino, kutsimikizira makina ake kuti azichokera komanso udindo wake monga wopereka wake. Kupambana kumeneku kunali kofunika kwa azimayi omwe amadyera panthawiyo.
Kukhudzidwa kwake pazambiri papepala
Makina am'manja a Knight. Zinathandizira kupanga misa yolimba komanso yothandiza mapepala. Kupanga kwake kunapereka muyezo wopezeka mtsogolo m'mapepala. Mapangidwe apansi pa pansi adayamba kutembenuka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogula, kugula, ndi magawo ena.
Zopereka za Margaret knight pamafashoni zamapepala zinali zovutirapo. Mzimu wake wochenjera ndi kutsimikiza mtima kuyanjana ndi njira yopita patsogolo mtsogolo pokonzekera ukadaulo.
Wogulitsa: Charles Stalwell
Charles Stalwera
Charles Stailly anali mainjiniya wokhala ndi zopangira zothandiza. Anazindikira zoperewera za mapangidwe am'makalata omwe alipo ndipo adafuna kusintha. Kumbuyo kwake kwa ulemerero kunamupatsa maluso opanga njira zochitira zinthu zatsopano pamakampani ogulitsa.
Makina opindidwa a pepala (1883)
Mu 1883, slidell adapanga makina opindika pepala. Makinawa amatulutsa matumba omwe anali osavuta kusunga ndi kunyamula. Mapangidwe adalola matumba kuti akhome pansi, ndikutenga malo ochepa ndikuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mabizinesi ndi ogula.
Makina a Stall adagwira ntchito
Makina a Stalson adagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zotsitsimutsa ndi kukonzekera kuti apange thumba lapansi lomwe lingakufikika mosavuta. Mapangidwe awa adasinthasintha mphamvu yosungira ndikugwira ntchito, ndikupangitsa kuti kakhale chisankho kwa mafakitale ambiri.
Tanthauzo la kapangidwe kake
Mapangidwe oganiza bwino a Stailly anali ofunika chifukwa amaphunzitsa zinthu zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito matumba. Mapangidwe opindika adapanga matumba mosiyanasiyana komanso osuta. Kupeza kumeneku kunathandizira kukhazikitsa muyezo wa mapangidwe amtsogolo apepala ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapepala pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.
Zopereka za Charles Stilrell ndi pepala la pepala la pepala zinali zofunika. Mayankho ake omwe adapanga bwino bwino magwiridwe antchito komanso kuphweka matumba a pepala, kupindula onse opanga ndi ogula.
Kupita patsogolo kwa mapepala m'makina
Zochitika Zoyambirira
Kuyambira m'masiku oyambilira a Francis wolle pazatsopano za Charles Stiirll, makina am'mapepala awona kupita patsogolo kwambiri. Makina a 1852 omwe adapanga matumba osavuta, envelupu. Kupanga kwa Margaret knight's 1868 kumayambitsa matumba oyambira, othandiza. Mu 1883, makina opindika a pepala adapangidwa kuti azisungirapo komanso mayendedwe osavuta. Iliyonse mwa omwe adayambitsa izi zidathandizira kuti zinthu zisakhale ndi ukadaulo wamapepala.
Makina amakono apepala
Masiku ano, makina am'mapepala apita patsogolo kwambiri. Makina amakono amapanga magawo okwera kwambiri, ndikuonetsetsa kuti: Amatha kubala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matumba, kuchokera pansi mpaka kukangana, ndikugonja kumaso osiyanasiyana. Makinawa amathandizanso kwambiri, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala osiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. Makina apangitsa kuti pakhale liwiro lopanga ndikusinthasintha, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera khalidwe.
Maganizo a chilengedwe
Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwakhala gawo lofunikira pakupanga pepala. Makina amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zochezeka ngati eco ngati pepala lokonzedwanso. Adapangidwa kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Kusintha kwa njira zokhazikika kumathandizira kuchepetsa phazi la pepala. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kuonetsetsa kuti matumba a pepala amakhalabe ndi njira zina zothandizira ma pulasitiki, kuchirikiza kuyesetsa kwapadziko lonse kuti muchepetse kuipitsa komanso kulimbikitsa kukhazikika.
Kukula kwa ukadaulo m'makina apepala kumapangitsa kufunika kwa kupeza bwino kokwaniritsa bwino komanso kukhazikika popanga.
Mapeto
Kubwezeretsanso oyambitsa ofunikira ndi zopereka zawo
Atatu omwe amangoyimilira m'mbiri ya makina ang'onoapepala. Francis wollelle adapanga makina oyamba a pepala mu 1852, ndikupanga matumba osavuta, envelope. Margaret knight, yotchedwa 'Sanjani mfumukazi, ' adapanga makina mu 1868 zomwe zidapanga matumba a pansi, kusintha mafashoni. Cholinga cha Charles Stalll cha 1883 cha makina opindidwa apepala omwe adapangidwira posungira ndikuyendetsa bwino.
Zotsatira zakutha kwa zomwe amapeza pa mafakitale ogulitsa
Zopereka za Wolle, knight, komanso ku Stailly zidakhudza kwambiri malonda. Zochita zawo zidasintha magwiridwe antchito ndi luso lopanga mapepala. Kupita kwa mapepala kunapangitsa mapepala kukhala njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotchuka pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, matumba a pepala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogula, kugula zinthu, ndi mafakitale ena, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zawo zaupainiya.
Zochita zamtsogolo m'mapepala
Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, kupanga pepala kumapitilira kusintha. Makina amakono amayang'ana pa zokhazokha, kugwira ntchito, komanso kusinthasintha. Pali kutsimikizika kokulirapo pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zochezeka ndi ma eco ndi njira zokhazikika. Zizindikiro zamaukadaulo zimatha kuwonjezera luso la kupanga ndi phindu la zikwama za pepala. Monga kusakhazikika kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri, kufunikira kwa mayankho apamwamba a mapepala omwe amayembekezeredwa.
