Ku tumbuluxiwa ka muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha ku funghe xiendlakalo xa nkoka swinene eka matimu ya ku paka. Blog leyi yi lavisisa vasunguri va nkoka na ku hoxa xandla ka vona eka nhluvukiso wa muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha, ku kombisa vutumbuluxi na nhluvukiso lowu vumbeke vuhumelerisi bya nkwama wa maphepha wa manguva lawa.
Manghenelo
Swikhwama swa maphepha i swa nkoka eka bindzu ra namuntlha ro paka. Ti eco-friendly, ti tiyerile, naswona ti kota ku endla swilo swo tala. Kambe i mani loyi a tumbuluxeke muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha? Vumaki lebyi byi hundzule ndlela leyi hi tirhisaka na ku humelerisa swikhwama swa maphepha.
Nkoka wa nkwama wa maphepha eka ku paka ka manguva lawa .
Swikhwama swa maphepha i swa nkoka swinene eka tiindasitiri to hambana-hambana. Va nyika ndlela yin’wana leyi nga ta tshama nkarhi wo leha eka tipulasitiki. Mabindzu yo tala ma tsakela swikhwama swa maphepha hikwalaho ka vuyelo bya wona bya mbango. Ti biodegradable, tinga tlheriseriwa endzhaku naswona titala ku endliwa kusuka eka switirhisiwa leswi pfuxetiwaka.
Nkatsakanyo wa vasunguri va nkoka na minyikelo ya vona .
Vasunguri vanharhu va humelela eka matimu ya muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha:
Francis Wolle : U tumbuluxe muchini wo sungula wa swikhwama swa maphepha hi 1852. Muchini wa yena wu humese minkwama yo olova, ya xiyimo xa mvhilopho.
Margaret Knight : A tiviwa tani hi 'Paper Bag Queen,' U endle muchini hi 1868 lowu a wu endla ti flat-bottom bags, leti a ti tirha ngopfu eka matirhiselo yo tala.
Charles Stilwell : Hi 1883, u endle muchini lowu humesaka minkwama leyi kokiwaka hi ku olova, a antswisa vuhlayiselo ni ku fambisa swilo.
Mutumbuluxi wo sungula: Francis Wolle .
Xifaniso xa Francis Wolle xa le ndzhaku .
Francis Wolle a a ri mudyondzisi wa xikolo la humaka ePennsylvania. Ku tsakela ka yena ku tirhisa michini ni switirhisiwa swa michini swi n’wi endle leswaku a endla swilo leswintshwa. Hi 1852, u tumbuluxe muchini wo sungula wa nkwama wa maphepha. Muchini lowu wu humese swikhwama swa maphepha leswi olovaka, swa xivumbeko xa mvhilopho. Vutshila bya Wolle byi funghe goza ra nkoka eka matimu ya ku paka. Ndhavuko wa yena wo dyondzisa kumbexana wu kucetele ndlela ya yena ya maendlelo yo tlhantlha swiphiqo. U hlanganise vutshila bya yena bya dyondzo na ku navela ka yena ka makhanikhi, a pfula ndlela ya nhluvuko wa nkarhi lowu taka eka vumaki bya swikhwama swa maphepha.
Muchini wo sungula wa nkwama wa maphepha (1852) .
Francis Wolle u tumbuluxe muchini wo sungula wa swikhwama swa maphepha hi 1852. Muchini lowu wu hundzule ndlela leyi minkwama yi endliweke ha yona, yi endla minkwama yo olova, ya maphepha ya xitayili xa mvhilopho. Yi tirhise phepha ro rhendzeleka ku olovisa endlelo ra vuhumelerisi.
Ndlela leyi muchini wa Wolle wu tirheke ha yona .
Muchini lowu wu phamele phepha ro rhendzeleka hi ku tisungulela ri va nxaxamelo wa tindlela to tsema ni ku peta. Tindlela leti ti vumbe phepha leri ri va minkwama. Endlelo leri a ri tirha kahle, ri humesa xitirhisiwa lexi nga cinca-cinciki ni lexi tshembekaka. Vutshila bya Wolle byi hatlisisile swinene endlelo ro endla nkwama loko ri pimanisiwa na tindlela ta manual.
Ku simekiwa ka khampani ya muchini wa xikhwama xa maphepha ya union .
Endzhaku ka ku tumbuluxiwa ka yena, Wolle na makwavo wa yena va simeke Union Paper Bag Machine Company. Khamphani leyi yi kongomise eka vumaki na ku xavisa swikhwama swa maphepha. Yi hoxe xandla swinene eku tsakeni ka swikhwama swa maphepha leswaku swi tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo hambana-hambana. Ku humelela ka vona ku kombisile ku tirha na ku tirha kahle ka vutumbuluxi bya Wolle, leswi pfuleke ndlela ya nhluvuko wa nkarhi lowu taka eka thekinoloji ya paper bag.
Nkosikazi ya nkwama wa maphepha: Margaret Knight .
Margaret Knight's Xifaniso xa le ndzhaku .
Margaret Knight, loyi a tala ku vitaniwa 'Paper Bag Queen,' a a ri musunguri wa vutshila. U velekiwe hi 1838, u kombise vutshila byo tumbuluxa switirhisiwa leswi pfunaka ku sukela loko a ha ri ntsongo. Loko a nga si sungula muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha, u endle swilo swin’wana swo hlayanyana leswi a swi tumbuluxeke, ku katsa ni xitirhisiwa xo hlayiseka xa swiambalo leswi lukiweke hi swiambalo. Mianakanyo ya yena yo tumbuluxa yi n’wi yise entirhweni eka khampani ya Columbia Paper Bag, laha a hoxeke xandla swinene.
Muchini wa Nkwama wa Maphepha lowu nga ehansi ka xiphepherhele (1868) .
Hi 1868, Knight u tumbuluxe muchini lowu a wu humesa swikhwama swa maphepha leswi nga ehansi ka xiphepherhele. Dizayini leyi a yi ri ya ndzhundzuluko hikuva yi pfumelele minkwama leswaku yi yima yi ololoka, leswi endleke leswaku yi tirha swinene eka matirhiselo yo hambana-hambana. Muchini wa yena wu hlanganise hi woxe ni ku namarheta phepha, wu endla minkwama leyi tiyeke ni leyi tshembekaka hi ndlela leyinene.
Ndlela leyi muchini wa Knight wu tirheke ha yona .
Muchini wu tseme, wu peta ni ku namarheta phepha hi endlelo leri yaka emahlweni. Yi endle nkwama wa le hansi ka xiphepherhele, lowu a wu ri ni matimba swinene naswona a wu ri ni swilo swo tala ku tlula minkwama ya khale ya xitayili xa mvhilopho. Vumaki lebyi byi antswisile swinene matirhelo ya swikhwama swa maphepha.
Nyimpi ya le nawini ya Patent ya yena (1871) .
Knight u langutane ni nyimpi ya le nawini leswaku a kuma patent yakwe hi 1871. Charles Annan, loyi a a ri muendli wa michini, u ringete ku vula leswaku u tumbuluxiwe hi ndlela leyi a yi tumbuluxeke ha yona. Knight u sirhelele patent ya yena hi ndlela leyi humelelaka, a kombisa ku va ka muchini wa yena na ntirho wa yena tani hi musunguri wa wona. Ku hlula loku a ku ri ka nkoka eka vasunguri va vavasati hi nkarhi wolowo.
Vuyelo bya vutumbuluxi bya yena eka bindzu ra nkwama wa maphepha .
Muchini wa Knight’s flat-bottom paper bag wu ve ni nkucetelo lowukulu eka bindzu leri. Swi endle leswaku ku endliwa swilo swo tala swa swikhwama swa maphepha leswi tiyeke ni leswi tirhaka. Vutshila bya yena byi veke mpimanyeto wa nhluvukiso wa nkarhi lowu taka eka vumaki bya nkwama wa maphepha. Dizayini ya le hansi ka xiphepherhele yi ve mukhuva, leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka mavhengele, swilo swo xava ni swiyenge swin’wana.
Minyikelo ya Margaret Knight eka bindzu ra minkwama ya maphepha a yi pfula ndlela. Moya wa yena wa vutumbuluxi na ku tiyimisela swi pfule ndlela ya nhluvuko wa nkarhi lowu taka eka thekinoloji ya ku paka.
Musunguri wa swilo leswintshwa: Charles Stilwell .
Charles Stilwell u le ndzhaku .
Charles Stilwell a a ri mininjhere loyi a a ri ni vutshila byo endla swilo leswi endliweke hi swilo leswi tirhaka. U xiyile swipimelo swa tipulani ta nkwama wa maphepha leti nga kona naswona a a kongomisiwile eka ku swi antswisa. Ndhavuko wa yena wa vunjhiniyara wu n’wi nyikile vutshila byo tumbuluxa swintshuxo swa vutumbuluxi eka bindzu ra ku paka.
Muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha lowu hlanganisiweke (1883) .
Hi 1883, Stilwell u tumbuluxe muchini lowu hlanganisiweke wa nkwama wa maphepha. Muchini lowu a wu humesa minkwama leyi a yi olova ku yi hlayisa ni ku yi fambisa. Dizayinelo yi pfumelele minkwama leswaku yi hlanganisiwa yi va xiphepherhele, yi teka ndhawu yitsongo naswona yi endla leswaku yi olova swinene eka mabindzu na vatirhisi.
Ndlela leyi muchini wa Stilwell wu tirheke ha yona .
Muchini wa Stilwell wu tirhise nxaxamelo wa swiphemu leswi kongomeke leswi tsemiweke ni ku peta ku endla nkwama wa le hansi wa xiphepherhele lowu nga hlanganisiwaka hi ku olova. Dizayini leyi yi antswise ku tirha kahle ka vuhlayiselo na ku khoma, leswi endlaka leswaku yi va nhlawulo lowu dumeke eka tiindasitiri to tala.
Nkoka wa pulani ya yena ya patent leyi nga na patent .
Dizayini ya Stilwell leyi nga na patent a yi ri ya nkoka hikuva yi langutane na timhaka leti tirhaka eka ku tirhisiwa ka swikhwama swa maphepha. Dizayini leyi kokiwaka yi endle leswaku minkwama leyi yi va ni swilo swo tala naswona yi olova ku yi tirhisa. Vumaki lebyi byi pfunetile ku veka mpimo wa tipulani ta swikhwama swa maphepha swa nkarhi lowu taka naswona swi hoxe xandla eka ku amukeriwa loku hangalakeke ka swikhwama swa maphepha eka switirhisiwa swo hambana.
Minyikelo ya Charles Stilwell eka thekinoloji ya maphepha ya nkwama a yi ri ya nkoka swinene. Switshuxo swa yena swo tumbuluxa swi antswisile matirhelo na ku olova ka swikhwama swa maphepha, leswi vuyerisaka vaendli na vatirhisi.
Nhluvuko wa thekinoloji eka michini ya nkwama wa maphepha .
Nhluvukiso wo sungula .
Kusukela emasikwini yosungula ya Francis Wolle kuya eka vutumbuluxi bya Charles Stilwell, michini ya paper bag yivonile nhluvuko lowukulu. Muchini wa Wolle wa 1852 wu endle minkwama yo olova, ya xitayili xa mvhilopho. Vutshila bya Margaret Knight bya 1868 byi nghenise minkwama ya le hansi ka xiphepherhele, leswi antswisaka ku tirha. Hi 1883, muchini wa Stilwell lowu hlanganisiweke wa nkwama wa maphepha wu endle leswaku vuhlayiselo ni ku fambisa swi olova. Un’wana ni un’wana wa vasunguri lava u hoxe xandla eka ku hundzuka ka thekinoloji ya nkwama wa maphepha.
Michini ya nkwama wa maphepha ya manguva lawa .
Namuntlha, michini ya nkwama wa maphepha yi ye emahlweni swinene. Michini ya manguva lawa yi na swiyimo swa le henhla swa otomatiki, ku tiyisisa vuhumelerisi lebyi tirhaka kahle. Tinga humesa tinxaka tohambana hambana ta swikhwama, kusuka eka flat-bottom kuya eka gusseted, catering kuya eka swilaveko swohambana hambana. Michini leyi yitlhela yiva na switirhisiwa swotala swinene, yikota ku khoma ti grade to hambana hambana ta maphepha na vukulu. Ku tirhisa michini swi endle leswaku ku va ni rivilo leri engetelekeke ra vuhumelerisi ni ku nga cinci, ku hunguta ku durha ka vatirhi ni ku antswisa khwalithi.
Ku tekeriwa enhlokweni ka mbango .
Ku hlayisa mbango swi hundzuke nchumu wa nkoka swinene eka vumaki bya swikhwama swa maphepha. Michini ya manguva lawa yitala kutirhisa switirhisiwa leswinga onhiki ntumbuluko swofana na maphepha lawa ya vuyeleriweke. Ti endleriwe ku hunguta ku lahlekeriwa hi thyaka ni ku tirhisiwa ka eneji. Ku cinca kuya eka maendlelo lawa ya nga ta tshama nkarhi wo leha swi pfuneta ku hunguta xiyimo xa mbango xa vuhumelerisi bya nkwama wa maphepha. Nhluvuko lowu wu tiyisisa leswaku swikhwama swa maphepha swi tshama swi ri ndlela yin’wana leyi tirhaka, leyi nga onhiki ntumbuluko eka swikhwama swa tipulasitiki, leswi seketelaka matshalatshala ya misava hinkwayo ku hunguta ku thyakisa na ku tlakusa ku tshamiseka.
Nhluvukiso wa thekinoloji eka michini ya nkwama wa maphepha wu kombisa nkoka wa vutumbuluxi eka ku fikelela vukorhokeri na ku tshamiseka eka ku paka.
Mahetelelo
Recap ya vasunguri va nkoka na minyikelo ya vona .
Vasunguri vanharhu va humelela ematin’wini ya muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha. Francis Wolle u tumbuluxe muchini wo sungula wa minkwama ya maphepha hi 1852, a endla minkwama yo olova, ya xitayili xa mvhilopho. Margaret Knight, loyi a tivekaka tani hi 'Paper Bag Queen,' u endle muchini hi 1868 lowu a wu humesa minkwama ya le hansi ka xiphepherhele, wu hundzula bindzu leri. Ku tumbuluxiwa ka Charles Stilwell hi 1883 ka muchini wa nkwama wa maphepha lowu hlanganisiweke ku endle leswaku ku hlayisiwa na ku fambisa hi ndlela leyinene.
Vuyelo lebyi nga heriki bya vutumbuluxi bya vona eka bindzu ra ku paka .
Minyikelo ya Wolle, Knight, na Stilwell yi vile na nkucetelo lowu nga heriki eka bindzu ra ku paka. Swilo swa vona leswintshwa swi antswisile matirhelo na vuhumelerisi bya swikhwama swa maphepha. Nhluvukiso lowu wu endle leswaku minkwama ya maphepha yi va nhlawulo lowu tirhaka ni lowu dumeke eka switirhisiwa swo hambana-hambana. Namuntlha, minkwama ya maphepha yi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka mavhengele, swilo swo xava ni tiindasitiri tin’wana, hikwalaho ka matshalatshala ya vona ya vuphayona.
Mikhuva ya nkarhi lowu taka eka vumaki bya swikhwama swa maphepha .
Loko hi languta emahlweni, ku endliwa ka minkwama ya maphepha ku ya emahlweni ku hluvuka. Michini ya manguva lawa yi kongomisa eka ku tirhisa michini, ku tirha kahle ni ku cinca-cinca. Kuna ku kandziyisiwa loku kulaka eka ku tirhisa switirhisiwa leswi nga onhiki ntumbuluko na maendlelo lama nga ta tshama nkarhi wo leha. Swilo leswintshwa eka thekinoloji swi nga ha tlakusa vuswikoti bya vuhumelerisi na mimbuyelo ya mbango ya swikhwama swa maphepha. Loko ku tshamiseka ku ya ku va ka nkoka swinene, xilaveko xa swintshuxo swa nkwama wa maphepha leswi nga emahlweni, leswi nga onhiki ntumbuluko xi languteriwile ku tlakuka.
