Ivumburwa ryimashini yimifuka yimpapuro ryaranze intambwe ikomeye mumateka yo gupakira. Iyi blog irasesengura ibyingenzi byavumbuwe nintererano zabo mugutezimbere imashini yimifuka yimpapuro, yerekana udushya niterambere ryagize umusaruro wimpapuro zigezweho.
Intangiriro
Imifuka yimpapuro ningirakamaro muruganda rwo gupakira. Nibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, biramba, kandi bitandukanye. Ariko ninde wahimbye imashini yimifuka? Ubu bushya bwahinduye uburyo dukoresha kandi dukora imifuka yimpapuro.
Akamaro k'isakoshi yimpapuro mubipfunyika bigezweho
Imifuka yimpapuro ningirakamaro mubikorwa bitandukanye. Batanga ubundi buryo burambye kumifuka ya plastike. Ibigo byinshi bikunda imifuka yimpapuro kubidukikije. Nibishobora kwangirika, birashobora gukoreshwa, kandi akenshi bikozwe mubishobora kuvugururwa.
Incamake y'ibyingenzi byavumbuwe nintererano zabo
Abavumbuzi batatu bagaragaye mumateka yimashini yimpapuro:
Francis Wolle : Yahimbye imashini ya mbere yimifuka yimpapuro mumwaka wa 1852. Imashini ye yakoze imifuka yoroshye, yuburyo bw ibahasha.
Margaret Knight : Azwi nka 'Paper Bag Umwamikazi, ' yakoze imashini mu 1868 ikora imifuka yo hasi-hasi, yari ingirakamaro kubikoresha byinshi.
Charles Stilwell : Mu 1883, yakoze imashini ikora imifuka ishobora kugororwa byoroshye, itezimbere ububiko nogutwara.
Udushya twambere: Francis Wolle
Amateka ya Francis Wolle
Francis Wolle yari umwarimu wo muri Pennsylvania. Kuba ashishikajwe no gukoresha ibyuma bikoresha imashini byatumye akora udushya. Mu 1852, yahimbye imashini yambere yimpapuro. Iyi mashini yabyaye imifuka yoroshye yimbaho. Ivumburwa rya Wolle ryaranze intambwe igaragara mumateka yo gupakira. Amateka ye mu myigishirize ashobora kuba yarahinduye uburyo bwe bwo gukemura ibibazo. Yahujije ubuhanga bwe bwo kwiga n’ishyaka rye ry’ubukanishi, atanga inzira yo gutera imbere mu gihe cyo gukora imifuka yimpapuro.
Imashini Yambere Yimpapuro (1852)
Francis Wolle yahimbye imashini yambere yimifuka yimpapuro mumwaka wa 1852. Iyi mashini yahinduye uburyo imifuka yakozwe, ikora imifuka yimpapuro zoroshye, zibahasha. Yakoresheje impapuro zizunguruka kugirango yorohereze umusaruro.
Uburyo Imashini ya Wolle yakoraga
Imashini ihita igaburira impapuro zuzunguruka muburyo bwo gukata no kuzinga. Ubu buryo bwakoresheje impapuro mu mifuka. Inzira yari nziza, itanga ibicuruzwa bihamye kandi byizewe. Ivumburwa rya Wolle ryihutishije cyane gahunda yo gukora imifuka ugereranije nuburyo bwamaboko.
Gushiraho uruganda rukora impapuro zimashini
Nyuma yo kuvumburwa kwe, Wolle na murumuna we bashinze uruganda rwitwa Paper Paper Machine Company. Iyi sosiyete yibanze ku gukora no kugurisha imifuka yimpapuro. Yagize uruhare runini mu kumenyekanisha imifuka yimpapuro zikoreshwa zitandukanye. Intsinzi yabo yerekanaga ibikorwa nibikorwa bya Wolle byavumbuwe, bitanga inzira yiterambere ryigihe kizaza muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryimpapuro.
Impapuro Umufuka Mwamikazi: Margaret Knight
Amavu n'amavuko ya Margaret Knight
Margaret Knight, bakunze kwita 'Paper Bag Queen, ' yari umuhanga udushya. Yavutse mu 1838, yerekanye ubuhanga bwo gukora ibikoresho byingirakamaro kuva akiri muto. Mbere yo guhimba imashini yimifuka yimpapuro, yateguye ibindi bintu byinshi byavumbuwe, harimo igikoresho cyumutekano cyogosha imyenda. Ubwenge bwe bwo guhanga bwamuteye gukora muri sosiyete ya Columbia Paper Bag Company, aho yatanze umusanzu ukomeye.
Imashini ya Flat-Hasi Impapuro Imashini (1868)
Mu 1868, Knight yahimbye imashini ikora imifuka yo hasi. Igishushanyo cyabaye impinduramatwara kuko cyemereraga imifuka guhagarara neza, bigatuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Imashini ye ihita izinga kandi ifunga impapuro, ikora imifuka ikomeye kandi yizewe neza.
Uburyo Imashini ya Knight yakoraga
Imashini yatemye, irazinga, kandi ifata impapuro muburyo bukomeza. Yakoze umufuka wo hasi, wari ukomeye cyane kandi uhindagurika kuruta imifuka yuburyo bw ibahasha. Ubu bushya bwazamuye imikorere yimifuka yimpapuro.
Intambara yemewe n'amategeko kuri patenti (1871)
Knight yahuye n’intambara yemewe n’amategeko kugira ngo abone ipatanti mu 1871. Charles Annan, umukanishi, yagerageje kuvuga ko ibyo yahimbye ari ibye. Knight yarinze neza ipatanti ye, yerekana ko imashini ye ari umwimerere ndetse n'uruhare rwe nk'uwayihimbye. Iyi ntsinzi yari ingirakamaro kubagore bahimbye icyo gihe.
Ingaruka zibyo yahimbye ku nganda zimpapuro
Imashini ya Knight yimashini yimifuka yamashini yagize ingaruka zikomeye muruganda. Yafashaga gukora cyane imifuka iramba kandi ifatika. Ivumburwa rye ryashyizeho amahame yiterambere rizaza mu gukora impapuro. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo hasi cyahindutse ihame, rikoreshwa cyane mubucuruzi, ibiribwa, nizindi nzego.
Umusanzu wa Margaret Knight mu nganda zimpapuro zabaye intangiriro. Umwuka we wo guhanga udushya no kwiyemeza byatanze inzira yo gutera imbere mu buhanga bwo gupakira.
Udushya: Charles Stilwell
Amateka ya Charles Stilwell
Charles Stilwell yari injeniyeri ufite ubuhanga bwo guhanga ibintu bifatika. Yatahuye aho imipaka yimpapuro zihari kandi igamije kuzitezimbere. Ubuhanga bwe bwubuhanga bwamuhaye ubuhanga bwo gukora ibisubizo bishya mubikorwa byo gupakira.
Imashini Yuzuye Impapuro Imashini (1883)
Mu 1883, Stilwell yahimbye imashini yimifuka yimpapuro. Iyi mashini yabyaye imifuka yoroshye kubika no gutwara. Igishushanyo cyemereye imifuka kuzinga neza, ifata umwanya muto kandi ikorohereza ubucuruzi n’abaguzi.
Uburyo Imashini ya Stilwell yakoraga
Imashini ya Stilwell yakoresheje urukurikirane rwo gukata neza no kugundura kugirango ikore igikapu cyo hasi gishobora kugororwa byoroshye. Igishushanyo cyatezimbere imikorere yo kubika no gutunganya, bituma ihitamo gukundwa ninganda nyinshi.
Akamaro k'igishushanyo cye
Igishushanyo cya Stilwell cyemewe cyari gikomeye kuko cyakemuye ibibazo bifatika mugukoresha imifuka yimpapuro. Igishushanyo gishobora gutuma imifuka ihindagurika kandi ikoresha inshuti. Ubu bushya bwafashije gushyiraho ibipimo byerekana ibipapuro bizaza kandi byagize uruhare mu kwinjiza imifuka yimpapuro mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Umusanzu wa Charles Stilwell mu ikoranabuhanga ryimpapuro zingenzi. Ibisubizo bye byahimbye byateje imbere imikorere no korohereza imifuka yimpapuro, bigirira akamaro ababikora n'abaguzi.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumashini yimifuka
Iterambere ryambere
Kuva mu minsi ya mbere ya Francis Wolle kugeza udushya twa Charles Stilwell, imashini zipapuro zabonye iterambere ryinshi. Imashini ya 1852 ya Wolle yakoze imifuka yoroshye, ibahasha. Ivumburwa rya Margaret Knight ryo mu 1868 ryerekanye imifuka yo hasi, yongerera imbaraga. Mu 1883, imashini yimifuka yimpapuro ya Stilwell yatumye ububiko no gutwara byoroha. Buri wese muri abo bahimbye yagize uruhare mu ihindagurika ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'impapuro.
Imashini zipapuro zigezweho
Uyu munsi, imashini yimifuka yimpapuro yateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. Imashini zigezweho ziranga urwego rwo hejuru rwikora, rwemeza umusaruro mwiza. Barashobora kubyara ubwoko butandukanye bwimifuka, kuva hasi-hasi kugeza gusseted, kugaburira ibikenewe bitandukanye. Izi mashini nazo zirahuza cyane, zishobora gukora impapuro zitandukanye nubunini. Automation yatumye umusaruro wiyongera kandi uhoraho, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi no kuzamura ireme.
Ibidukikije
Kuramba kw'ibidukikije byahindutse ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora imifuka y'impapuro. Imashini zigezweho zikoresha ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije nkimpapuro zongeye gukoreshwa. Byagenewe kugabanya imyanda no gukoresha ingufu. Guhindura inzira zirambye bifasha kugabanya ibidukikije byumusaruro wimpapuro. Iterambere ryemeza ko imifuka yimpapuro ikomeza kuba ingirakamaro, yangiza ibidukikije mu mifuka ya pulasitike, ishyigikira ingamba z’isi yose zo kugabanya umwanda no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumashini yimifuka yerekana akamaro ko guhanga udushya mugukora neza no kuramba mubipfunyika.
Umwanzuro
Ongera usubiremo ibyingenzi byavumbuwe nintererano zabo
Abavumbuzi batatu bagaragaye mumateka yimashini yimpapuro. Francis Wolle yahimbye imashini yambere yimifuka yimpapuro mumwaka wa 1852, akora imifuka yoroshye, yuzuye amabahasha. Margaret Knight uzwi ku izina rya 'Paper Bag Queen, ' yakoze imashini mu 1868 ikora imifuka yo hasi, ihindura inganda. Charles Stilwell mu 1883 yahimbye imashini yimifuka yimpapuro yatumije ububiko no gutwara neza.
Ingaruka zirambye zo guhanga udushya ku nganda zipakira
Umusanzu wa Wolle, Knight, na Stilwell wagize ingaruka zirambye mubikorwa byo gupakira. Udushya twabo twateje imbere imikorere nogukora neza mumifuka yimpapuro. Iterambere ryatumye imifuka yimpapuro ihitamo kandi ikunzwe kubikorwa bitandukanye. Muri iki gihe, imifuka y'impapuro ikoreshwa cyane mu guhaha, guhaha, no mu zindi nganda, bitewe n'imbaraga zabo za mbere.
Ibizaza mugihe cyo gukora impapuro
Urebye imbere, gukora imifuka yimpapuro bikomeje gutera imbere. Imashini zigezweho zibanda kuri automatike, imikorere, hamwe na byinshi. Hariho kwibandaho cyane gukoresha ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije n'inzira zirambye. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga birashoboka ko tuzarushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro inyungu z’ibidukikije mu mifuka yimpapuro. Mugihe irambye rigenda rirushaho kuba ingenzi, icyifuzo cyibisubizo byimpapuro zangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije biteganijwe kwiyongera.
