Nigute Amashashi Yimpapuro Yakozwe Intambwe ku yindi

Intangiriro

Incamake yimifuka yimpapuro

Ibisobanuro nibisanzwe bikoreshwa

Imifuka yimpapuro irahuzagurika kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Bikorewe mu mpapuro, biva mu biti, ibyatsi, cyangwa ibikoresho bitunganijwe neza. Iyi mifuka ije mubunini nuburyo butandukanye, ibereye guhaha, gupakira, no gutwara ibicuruzwa. Barazwi cyane mubicuruzwa, mububiko bw'ibiribwa, no mu maduka y'impano.

Inyungu zo Gukoresha Impapuro Impapuro

Inyungu	Ibisobanuro
Biodegradable	Kubora bisanzwe, kugabanya imyanda
Isubirwamo	Irashobora gukoreshwa kandi ikongera gukoreshwa, kugabanya ingaruka rusange kubidukikije
Ibikoresho bishya	Ikozwe mubikoresho nkibiti nicyatsi, bishobora kuzuzwa
Ibirenge bya Carbone yo hepfo	Umusaruro ukoresha ingufu n'amazi make ugereranije namashashi
Kujurira Abaguzi	Kureshya abakiriya bangiza ibidukikije no kuzamura ishusho yikimenyetso
Guhindagurika	Birakwiriye gukoreshwa bitandukanye, kuva guhaha kugeza gupakira no gupfunyika impano

1. Ibikoresho bibisi kumifuka yimpapuro

Ibikoresho by'ibanze

Ubwoko bw'impapuro

Imifuka yimpapuro itangirana nimpapuro. Iyi pompe ituruka ahantu hatandukanye:

• Igiti cy'ibiti : Inkomoko isanzwe. Birakomeye kandi biramba.

• Amashanyarazi y'ibyatsi : Yakozwe mu musaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi. Yangiza ibidukikije.

• Impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa : Koresha ibicuruzwa bishaje. Nibyiza kuramba.

Kwambika Ibintu Byongerewe

Kunoza imifuka yimpapuro, kongeramo:

• Polyethylene (PE) : Ongeraho kurwanya amazi. Komeza ibintu byumye.

• Polypropilene (PP) : Yongera imbaraga. Ifasha imifuka gutwara ibintu biremereye.

Ibifatika bikoreshwa mugikorwa

Ibifatika bigira uruhare runini mugukora imifuka yimpapuro. Bahuza ibice hamwe. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

• Amazi ashingiye ku mazi : Yangiza ibidukikije kandi akora neza. Byakoreshejwe muburyo rusange.

• Amashanyarazi ashyushye ashyushye : Komera kandi byihuse. Nibyiza kubyara umusaruro mwinshi.

Inkingi zo gucapa

Gucapa kumifuka yimpapuro bisaba wino yihariye. Izi wino zigomba kuba zifite umutekano kandi zangiza ibidukikije:

• Inkingi zishingiye kumazi : Ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije. Zuma vuba kandi zifite imbaraga.

• Inka ishingiye kuri soya : Yakozwe muri soya. Birashobora kuvugururwa kandi birashobora kubora.

Imbonerahamwe Incamake: Ibikoresho by'ibanze

Ibisobanuro	by'ibanze
Igiti	Birakomeye, biramba, bikunze gukoreshwa
Amashanyarazi	Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, bikozwe mubikomoka ku buhinzi
Impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa	Birambye, ikoresha ibicuruzwa bishaje
Igikoresho cya polyethylene (PE)	Irwanya amazi, ituma ibirimo byuma
Igipande cya polipropilene (PP)	Komeza imifuka, byiza kubintu biremereye
Amazi ashingiye ku mazi	Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, bigira akamaro muburyo rusange
Amashanyarazi ashyushye	Gukomera, gukama vuba, nibyiza kubyara umusaruro mwinshi
Inkingi ishingiye kumazi	Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, imbaraga, byumye-vuba
Soya ishingiye kuri Soya	Kuvugururwa, biodegradable

2. Inzira yo Gukora Impapuro

Intambwe ya 1: Gusunika

Amashanyarazi

Incamake y'ibikorwa

Imiti ivura imiti iteka imbaho ​​hamwe nimiti. Ibi bisenya lignin, guhambira fibre. Imiti isanzwe irimo sodium hydroxide na sodium sulfide. Inzira itanga ibisubizo bikomeye, biramba.

Inyungu n'ibibi

• Inyungu :

• Kora impapuro zikomeye

• Kuraho lignin nyinshi

• Birakwiriye kubicuruzwa byiza

• Ingaruka :

• Bibyara imyanda

• Irasaba imbaraga nyinshi

• Igiciro kinini cyo gukora

Gukoresha imashini

Incamake y'ibikorwa

Gukoresha imashini zisya inkwi. Igumana lignin nyinshi, bigatuma idakomera ariko ikagira ubukungu. Inzira ikoresha ingufu za mashini kugirango itandukanye fibre.

Inyungu n'ibibi

• Inyungu :

• Ubukungu

• Umusaruro mwinshi uva mubikoresho fatizo

• Koresha imbaraga nke

• Ingaruka :

• Bitanga impapuro zidakomeye

• Hasigaye lignin

• Ntibikwiriye kubicuruzwa byiza

Kumena no Kugaragaza

Intambwe Zifite uruhare muri Bleaching

Kuvoma bikuraho lignine isigaye, ikamurika. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byangiza harimo chlorine dioxyde na hydrogen peroxide. Iremeza ko ifu yera kandi yera.

Intambwe Zifite uruhare mu Kugaragaza

Kugenzura bikuraho umwanda kuri pulp. Ikoresha ecran yubunini butandukanye kugirango uyungurure ibikoresho udashaka. Iyi ntambwe yemeza ko pulp imwe kandi isukuye.

Imbonerahamwe yincamake: Gukuramo inzira

Uburyo	Incamake	Inyungu	Zitagenda neza
Amashanyarazi	Guteka ibiti byimbaho ​​hamwe nimiti	Gukora impapuro zikomeye, ukuraho lignin	Bibyara imyanda, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi
Gukoresha imashini	Gusya inkwi	Ubukungu, umusaruro mwinshi	Yibyara impapuro zidakomeye, agumana lignin
Kumena	Kuraho lignin kugirango urabagirane	Iremeza umweru wera	Koresha imiti
Kugaragaza	Kurungurura umwanda	Yibyara pulp imwe	Irasaba gutunganywa

Intambwe ya 2: Gukora impapuro

Imashini yimpapuro

Incamake yimashini yimpapuro

Imashini yimpapuro nigikoresho kinini cyinganda. Ihindura impapuro mumpapuro zihoraho. Iyi mashini ningirakamaro kubyara umusaruro mwinshi. Ifite ibyiciro byinshi byingenzi: gushiraho, gukanda, no gukama.

Gushiraho: Gukora urupapuro rukomeza rwimpapuro

Murwego rwo gushiraho, pulp ikwirakwira kuri ecran yimuka. Amazi arashira, hasigara materi yatose. Iyi matasi ikora ishingiro ryurupapuro rwanyuma. Igice cyo gukora kigena impapuro zambere ubunini nuburinganire.

Kanda: Gukuraho Amazi kurupapuro

Ibikurikira, impapuro zinjira mugice cyo gukanda. Hano, umuzingo ukuramo amazi arenze. Iyi ntambwe yongera impapuro n'ubucucike n'imbaraga. Kanda kandi bitegura urupapuro rwo kumisha.

Kuma: Kuma byanyuma kugirango ugere kubwiza bwimpapuro

Mugihe cyo kumisha, impapuro zinyura muri silinderi zishyushye. Iyi silinderi ihumeka neza. Kuma neza ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku bwiza bwimpapuro. Iremeza ko impapuro zikomeye, zoroshye, kandi ziteguye gukomeza gutunganywa.

Imashini yimashini ikora: Intambwe zingenzi

Icyiciro	Ibisobanuro
Gushiraho	Gukwirakwiza impanuka kuri ecran yimuka
Kanda	Kunyunyuza amazi hamwe na muzingo
Kuma	Guhumeka neza ukoresheje silinderi ishyushye

Kugenzura Ubuziranenge bw'impapuro

Kugenzura Ubwiza no Guhuza Impapuro

Kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ngombwa mu gukora impapuro. Iremeza ko impapuro zujuje ubuziranenge busabwa. Ubwiza buhoraho nibyingenzi mubikorwa byizewe mubicuruzwa byanyuma.

Ibizamini bisanzwe hamwe nubuziranenge

Ibizamini bitandukanye bikorwa kugirango ubungabunge ubuziranenge:

• Ikizamini cya Grammage : Gupima uburemere bwimpapuro kuri metero kare.

• Ikizamini cy'ubugari : Iremeza ubunini bumwe.

• Ikizamini cya Tensile Imbaraga : Gerageza imbaraga zimpapuro mugihe uhangayitse.

• Ikizamini cyibirimo Ubushuhe : Kugenzura urwego rwubushuhe bukwiye.

Ibi bizamini bifasha kugumana amahame yo hejuru. Bemeza ko impapuro zibereye gukora imifuka ikomeye, yizewe.

Imashini yimashini ikwiye hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge bugenzura umusaruro wimifuka yimpapuro nziza. Izi nzira ningirakamaro mugukora ibicuruzwa biramba, byizewe byujuje ibyifuzo byabaguzi.

Intambwe ya 3: Gucapa

Uburyo bwo gucapa

Icapiro rya Flexographic: Nibyiza kubikorwa binini

Icapiro rya Flexographic ni ryiza cyane kubikorwa binini. Ikoresha amasahani yoroheje akozwe muri reberi cyangwa plastike. Isahani yohereza wino hejuru yimpapuro. Ubu buryo burihuta kandi bwubukungu. Ikora neza hamwe na wino zitandukanye, harimo nizishingiye kumazi.

• Ibyiza :

• Umusaruro wihuse

• Birakwiriye kubwinshi

• Gukorana na wino zitandukanye

• Ibibi :

• Ubwiza bwo gucapa hasi ugereranije nubundi buryo

• Irasaba gutegura neza isahani

Icapiro rya Gravure: Amashusho meza

Icapiro rya Gravure rizwiho gukora amashusho meza. Ikoresha silinderi yanditsweho kugirango wohereze wino kumpapuro. Ubu buhanga butanga ishusho nziza cyane kandi yimbitse. Nibyiza kubishushanyo birambuye hamwe ninyandiko nziza.

• Ibyiza :

• Ubwiza bwibishusho

• Nibyiza kubishushanyo mbonera

• Ibibi :

• Amafaranga yo gushiraho menshi

• Ntabwo bikora neza kubikorwa bigufi

Gucapura Offset: Bisanzwe kubintu bitandukanye byo gucapa

Icapiro rya Offset riratandukanye kandi rikoreshwa cyane. Harimo kwimura wino kuva ku isahani ku kiringiti, hanyuma ku mpapuro. Ubu buryo butanga ibyapa bihamye kandi byujuje ubuziranenge. Birakwiriye byombi bito kandi binini byandika.

• Ibyiza :

• Ubwiza bw'icapiro rihoraho

• Igiciro-cyiza kubikorwa bitandukanye byo gukora

• Biratandukanye mubijyanye nigishushanyo

• Ibibi :

• Igihe kirekire cyo gushiraho

• Irasaba abakora ubuhanga

Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya: Uburyo bwo Gucapura

Yubuhanga	Ibyiza	Tekinike
Imiterere	Umuvuduko mwinshi, ubwinshi	Hasi yandika neza, amasahani asobanutse
Imbaraga	Ubwiza buhebuje, ibishushanyo birambuye	Igiciro kinini cyo gushiraho, ntabwo ari kugufi
Kureka	Ubwiza buhoraho, butandukanye	Gushiraho birebire, abakoresha ubuhanga

Buri tekinike yo gucapa itanga inyungu zidasanzwe. Guhitamo biterwa nibikenewe byihariye byo gushushanya impapuro. Icapiro rya Flexographic ikwiranye nini, mugihe gravure iruta iyindi. Gucapura Offset nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo imishinga myinshi. Gusobanukirwa ubu buryo bifasha muguhitamo uburyo bwiza kumifuka yimpapuro nziza.

Inks n'ingaruka zabyo

Ubwoko bwa Inks zikoreshwa mugucapura

Mu gukora impapuro, impapuro zikoreshwa. Buri bwoko bufite imiterere yihariye kandi ikoresha. Irangi risanzwe ririmo:

• Inks zishingiye ku mazi : Izi zizwi cyane kubidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Zuma vuba kandi zifite umutekano kubidukikije.

• Inka ishingiye kuri soya : Yakozwe muri soya, iyi wino irashobora kongerwa kandi ikabora. Zitanga amabara meza kandi ntizifite uburozi.

• UV Inks : Yakize ukoresheje urumuri ultraviolet, iyi wino iraramba kandi irwanya guswera. Birakwiriye gucapwa neza.

• Inks zishingiye kuri Solvent : Azwiho guhinduranya no gufatira hamwe, iyi wino ikoreshwa kuri substrate zitandukanye. Nyamara, basohora ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC).

Ibidukikije n’ubuzima

Iyo uhisemo wino, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’ubuzima. Inkingi irashobora kugira ingaruka kubidukikije ndetse nubuzima bwabantu:

• Inkingi zishingiye kumazi : Izi wino ziri hasi muri VOC, bigatuma umutekano wibidukikije. Bigabanya ihumana ry’ikirere kandi ntabwo byangiza abakozi.

• Inka ishingiye kuri Soya : Ni amahitamo arambye. Umusaruro wabo ukoresha amikoro make kandi utanga umwanda muke.

• Inkingi ya UV : Nubwo iramba, inzira yo gukora inkwa ya UV isaba gufata neza. Gukiza UV birashobora kubyara ozone, byangiza ubuzima.

• Inkingi zishingiye kuri Solvent : Izi wino zifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa VOC. Birashobora guteza umwanda ikirere nibibazo byubuzima kubakozi, harimo nibibazo byubuhumekero.

Imbonerahamwe Incamake: Inkingi ningaruka zazo

Ubwoko bw'Inkera	Inyungu	Ibidukikije
Bishingiye ku mazi	Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, byumye vuba	VOC nkeya, umutekano kubidukikije
Soya	Amabara mashya, afite imbaraga	Birambye, bihumanya bike
UV	Kuramba, birwanya smudge	Irasaba gufata neza, ibyago bya ozone
Bishingiye ku gisubizo	Biratandukanye, bifatanye neza	VOC nyinshi, kwanduza ikirere, ibibazo byubuzima

Gukoresha wino yangiza ibidukikije nkamazi ashingiye kumazi na soya bifasha kugabanya ibidukikije. Iremeza kandi akazi keza. Urebye imikorere n'ingaruka ni ngombwa muguhitamo wino iburyo kumifuka yimpapuro.

Intambwe ya 4: Gukata no Gushiraho

Ibikoresho byo gutema

Incamake yimashini zikata

Imashini zo gutema ni ngombwa mugukora impapuro. Bakata impapuro nini mubunini. Imashini zisanzwe zirimo Ideal na Polar. Izi mashini zituma gukata neza kandi bisukuye, nibyingenzi kumifuka yimpapuro nziza.

Gukata neza n'akamaro kayo

Gukata neza ni ngombwa. Ihindura imifuka yanyuma yimikorere nimikorere. Gukata neza byemeza ko ibice byose bihuye neza. Ubu busobanuro bugabanya imyanda kandi bwongera isura yimifuka n'imbaraga.

Ubwoko bwo Gukata Imashini

Imashini Ubwoko	Ibiranga	Inyungu
Ideal	Byukuri, byinshuti	Ubwiza buhoraho, gukora neza
Inkingi	Birakomeye, bitandukanye	Yizewe, ikora ubunini butandukanye

Kuzunguruka no gufunga

Ubuhanga bwo Kuzamura Ibishushanyo Bitandukanye

Ububiko ni intambwe y'ingenzi. Ubuhanga butandukanye bukora ibishushanyo bitandukanye. Ububiko busanzwe burimo:

• Ububiko bw'uruhande : Kurema gussets kugirango wongere amajwi.

• Ububiko bwo hasi : Ifite igorofa, ihamye.

• Ububiko bwo hejuru : Bishimangira gufungura umufuka.

Gupfundikanya neza bituma imbaraga zumufuka zikora. Buri bubiko bugomba kuba busobanutse kugirango bugumane imiterere yumufuka.

Ibifatika bikoreshwa mugikorwa

Ibifatika bihuza ibice byiziritse hamwe. Nibyingenzi kuramba. Ibisanzwe bisanzwe birimo:

• Amazi ashingiye ku mazi : Ibidukikije kandi byangiza ibidukikije.

• Amashanyarazi ashyushye ashyushye : Komera kandi byihuse-byumye, nibyiza kubyara umusaruro mwinshi.

Ibi bifata neza byerekana ko igikapu gikomeza kuba cyiza mugihe cyo gukoresha. Guhitamo ibifatika bikwiye ningirakamaro kumikorere yumufuka.

Imbonerahamwe Incamake: Tekinike Yububiko hamwe na Tekinike Tekinike

Intego	yo	gufatira hamwe	Intego
Kuruhande	Kurema gussets kubijwi	Bishingiye ku mazi	Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa rusange
Ububiko	Ishiraho urufatiro ruhamye	Gushonga	Gukomera, gukama vuba
Ububiko bwo hejuru	Shimangira gufungura umufuka	Amazi ashingiye / Gushonga	Kongera imbaraga, kuramba

Intambwe ya 5: Gushiraho no Kurangiza

Imiterere yimifuka

Intambwe ku yindi

Gukora imifuka yimpapuro birimo intambwe zuzuye:

1. Gukata Impapuro : Inzira itangirana no gukata impapuro nini mubunini bwihariye.

2. Kuzenguruka Uruhande : Impande zirazingiwe kugirango zikore gussets. Ibi byongera amajwi mumufuka.

3. Gushiraho Hasi : Hasi irazinga kandi ifatanye kugirango itange ituze.

4. Kwizirika ku mpande : Impande zifatanije hamwe kugirango zikore imiterere yumufuka.

Buri ntambwe isaba neza kugirango umufuka urambe kandi ukoreshwe.

Kuzenguruka kuruhande no gushiraho hepfo

Kuzenguruka kuruhande no gushiraho hasi nibyingenzi kugirango uburinganire bwimifuka:

• Kuzenguruka kuruhande : Ibi birema gussets, bituma umufuka waguka no gufata ibintu byinshi.

• Imiterere Hasi : Kwemeza ishingiro rikomeye kandi rihamye, iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo kuzinga no gufunga neza. Hasi yubatswe neza ituma igikapu kigororoka kandi gishyigikira uburemere bwibirimo.

Intambwe yo Gushinga Intambwe

Intambwe	Ibisobanuro
Gukata	Gukata impapuro mubunini bwihariye
Kuzenguruka kuruhande	Gukora gussets kubijwi
Imiterere Hasi	Kuzinga no gufunga hepfo
Gukurikiza Uruhande	Gufatisha impande kugirango ukore imiterere

Ongeraho Imikoreshereze nibindi biranga

Ubwoko bwimikorere

Ongeraho imikoreshereze yongerera imikorere igikapu. Ubwoko busanzwe bukoreshwa harimo:

• Flat Handles : Biroroshye kandi byoroshye gutwara. Akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho bimwe numufuka.

• Imikorere ihindagurika : Ikomeye kandi yoroshye gufata. Yakozwe mu mpapuro zigoretse kugirango zongerwe imbaraga.

• Gupfa gukata : Kwinjiza mubishushanyo mbonera. Ibi byaciwe mu mpapuro, akenshi bishimangirwa kuramba.

Gushimangira no Kurangiza Gukoraho

Kugirango urambe, imifuka ikunze gushiramo imbaraga no kurangiza gukoraho:

• Imikorere ishimangiwe : Yongeyeho imbaraga zo gukemura imigereka. Irinde gutaburura munsi yumutwaro.

• Kwinjiza Hasi : Gukomera shingiro, kunoza ituze hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu.

• Gucapa no Kwamamaza : Ongeraho ibirango n'ibishushanyo byongera isura yimifuka kandi biteza imbere ikirango.

Ubwoko bwa Handles and Reinforcements

Handle Ubwoko	Ibisobanuro
Ibikoresho bya Flat	Byoroshye, ibikoresho bimwe nkumufuka
Imikorere ihindagurika	Impapuro zikomeye, nziza, zigoretse
Gupfa	Kwishyira hamwe, gushimangirwa
Imikorere ishimangiwe	Wongeyeho imbaraga
Shyiramo Hasi	Gushimangira ishingiro
Gucapa / Kwamamaza	Kuzamura isura, kuzamura ibicuruzwa

Gushiraho no kurangiza nibikorwa byanyuma mugukora imifuka yimpapuro nziza. Buri ntambwe, uhereye kuruhande kugirango ukemure umugereka, uremeza ko igikapu gikora, kiramba, kandi kirashimishije. Mugusobanukirwa izi nzira, abayikora barashobora kubyara imifuka yizewe kandi ishimishije yujuje ibyifuzo byabaguzi.

Ongeraho Imikoreshereze nibindi biranga

Ubwoko bwimikorere

Ongeraho imikoreshereze yongera imikorere yimifuka yimpapuro. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimikorere:

• Flat Handles : Ibi biroroshye kandi bifite akamaro. Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho bimwe numufuka. Bahambiriye imbere mumufuka kugirango barebe neza. Ibikoresho bya Flat biroroshye kubyara no kubihuza, bigatuma bidahenze.

• Imyenda ihindagurika : Izi ntoki zakozwe mu mpapuro zigoretse. Birakomeye kandi byoroshye gufata. Imigozi ihindagurika ifatanye imbere mu gikapu. Ubu bwoko bwimikorere irazwi cyane kuramba no gushimisha ubwiza.

• Gupfa-Gukata : Izi ntoki zaciwe mu mufuka. Bakunze gushimangirwa kugirango birinde kurira. Gupfa gukata bitanga isura nziza kandi igezweho. Mubisanzwe usanga mumifuka mito hamwe namashashi.

Kugereranya Ubwoko Bwimikorere

Ubwoko bwimikorere	Ibisobanuro	Inyungu
Ibikoresho bya Flat	Yakozwe mubikoresho bimwe nkumufuka	Biroroshye, birahendutse
Imikorere ihindagurika	Yakozwe mu mpapuro zigoramye	Mukomere, neza
Gupfa	Kata mu mufuka	Sleek, isura igezweho

Gushimangira no Kurangiza Gukoraho

Gushimangira no gukorakora neza biramba kandi birashimishije ubwiza bwimifuka yimpapuro:

• Imikorere ishimangiwe : Ibikoresho byongeweho byongeweho aho imikono ifatanye kumufuka. Ibi bishimangira isano kandi birinda kurira, cyane cyane munsi yimitwaro iremereye. Imashini ishimangirwa yongerera umufuka igihe kirekire.

• Shyiramo hepfo : Igice gikomeye cyikarito gishyirwa munsi yumufuka. Iyinjizamo ifasha igikapu kugumana imiterere kandi itanga inkunga yinyongera yo gutwara ibintu biremereye. Kwinjiza hepfo ni ingirakamaro cyane kumifuka minini.

• Gucapa no Kwamamaza : Ongeraho ibirango, ibishushanyo, cyangwa inyandiko birashobora kuzamura igikapu kugaragara no kumenyekanisha ikirango. Tekinike nziza yo gucapa yemeza amabara meza n'amashusho atyaye. Kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bihindura igikapu cyoroshye mugikoresho cyo kwamamaza.

Ubwoko bwo Gushimangira no Kurangiza Gukoraho

Intego	Intego	Ikiranga
Imikorere ishimangiwe	Komeza imigereka	Irinda kurira
Shyiramo Hasi	Tanga inkunga kandi ukomeze imiterere	Shyigikira ibintu biremereye
Gucapa / Kwamamaza	Kongera ubujurire bugaragara, kumenyekanisha ikirango	Igikoresho cyo kwamamaza

Kwinjiza ibi bintu mumifuka yimpapuro ntabwo bizamura imikorere yabo gusa ahubwo binatuma barushaho gukurura abakiriya. Muguhitamo imikono iboneye no kongeramo imbaraga, abayikora barashobora kubyara imifuka yo murwego rwohejuru, iramba, kandi yuzuye impapuro zujuje ibyifuzo bitandukanye.

3. Imashini zikoreshwa mugukora impapuro

Imashini zikurura

Imashini zikurura ni ngombwa mugukora imifuka yimpapuro. Bahindura ibikoresho bibisi, nkibiti, ibyatsi, cyangwa impapuro zisubirwamo, mubitereko. Iyi pulp ni ishingiro ryimpapuro.

Imashini zikurura imiti

Uruhare mu musaruro

Imashini zikoresha imiti zikoresha imiti kugirango zimenagure ibikoresho bibisi. Zibyara imbaraga, zujuje ubuziranenge mukuramo lignine.

Ubwoko Rusange

• Imashini ikora imashini : Koresha sodium hydroxide na sodium sulfide. Zibyara umusaruro muremure, imbaraga-nyinshi.

• Imashini ya Sulfite : Koresha aside sulfure. Barema ibintu byoroshye, ariko ntibiramba.

Inyungu

• Yibyara impapuro zikomeye, zujuje ubuziranenge.

• Kuraho lignin nyinshi, byongera igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka

• Bibyara imyanda.

• Ingufu zisumba izindi n'ibisabwa.

Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Imiti

Intambwe	Ibisobanuro
Ibikoresho byinjira	Ibikoresho bibisi bigaburirwa.
Guteka Imiti	Imiti isenya lignin na fibre.
Gukuramo amafaranga	Ibisubizo bivamo bikururwa kandi bigasukurwa.

Imashini zikurura imashini

Uruhare mu musaruro

Imashini zikoresha imashini zisya ibikoresho fatizo nta miti. Iyi nzira irakomeye cyane ariko itanga imbaraga nke.

Ubwoko Rusange

• Imashini Zibuye (SGW) Imashini : Gusya inkwi kumabuye azunguruka.

• Imashini itunganya imashini (RMP) Imashini : Koresha disiki yicyuma kugirango utunganyirize ifu.

Inyungu

• Birenzeho.

• Umusaruro mwinshi uva mubikoresho fatizo.

Ingaruka

• Bitanga intege nke, impapuro zidashobora kuramba.

• Igumana lignin nyinshi.

Uburyo bwo Gukurura Inzira

Intambwe	Ibisobanuro
Ibikoresho byinjira	Ibiti by'ibiti birasuzumwa kandi bigacibwa.
Gusya	Chips zishizwe mumashanyarazi.
Gukuramo amafaranga	Pulp irasuzumwa kandi igasukurwa.

Imashini zombi zikoresha imiti nubukanishi ningirakamaro mugukora impapuro. Imiti ya chimique ninziza kumifuka yo murwego rwohejuru, mugihe imashini ikoresha igiciro cyinshi kubikoresha bike.

Incamake yimashini nini nini yimashini

Imashini nini yimpapuro ningirakamaro muguhindura impapuro mumpapuro zihoraho. Izi mashini zitwara amafaranga menshi kandi zitanga impapuro nziza cyane.

Ibice by'ingenzi n'imikorere

• Agasanduku : Gukwirakwiza pulp kuri ecran igenda neza.

• Igice cyicyuma : Gukora urupapuro ukuramo amazi.

• Igice cyo Kanda : Koresha umuzingo kugirango ukure amazi arenze.

• Igice cyumye : Koresha silinderi zishyushye kugirango wumishe impapuro.

• Reel : Kuzuza impapuro zuzuye kuri reel nini kugirango utunganyirizwe.

Imashini zo gucapa

Mucapyi

Mucapyi ya Flexographic ikoresha ibyapa byoroshye kugirango wohereze wino kumpapuro. Nibyiza kubwihuta-bwihuse, nini-nini yo gucapa.

• Ibyiza : Byihuta, byubukungu, bikwiranye na wino zitandukanye.

• Ibibi : Icapiro ryo hasi ugereranije nubundi buryo.

Imashini zikurura

Imashini za gravure zikoresha silinderi zanditseho kugirango wohereze wino. Bitanga amashusho yo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe nibisobanuro byiza.

• Ibyiza : Ubwiza bwibishusho byiza, nibyiza kubishushanyo mbonera.

• Ibibi : Igiciro kinini cyo gushiraho, ntigikora neza kubikorwa bigufi.

Kureka Mucapyi

Mucapyi ya Offset yohereza wino kuva ku isahani ukajya mu kiringiti, hanyuma ku mpapuro. Ubu buryo butanga ibyapa bihamye kandi byujuje ubuziranenge.

• Ibyiza : Biratandukanye, birahenze kubikorwa bitandukanye byandika.

• Ibibi : Igihe kirekire cyo gushiraho, bisaba abakora ubuhanga.

Gucapura Imashini Kugereranya

Mucapyi	Ibyiza	Ubwoko
Imiterere	Inkingi yihuta, yubukungu, itandukanye	Ubwiza bwo gucapa
Imbaraga	Ubwiza buhebuje, ibishushanyo birambuye	Amafaranga yo gushiraho menshi
Kureka	Ubwiza buhoraho, butandukanye	Igihe kirekire cyo gushiraho, abakoresha ubuhanga

Imashini zo gutema

Guillotine

Gukata guillotine ukoresha icyuma kigororotse kugirango ugabanye impapuro nini mubunini bwihariye. Birasobanutse kandi neza.

• Uruhare : Gukata impapuro nini neza.

• Inyungu : Ibisobanuro birambuye, byoroshye gukora.

Imashini zipfa

Imashini zikata zipfa gukoresha ibicuruzwa bipfa gukata impapuro. Nibyingenzi mugushushanya ibishushanyo byihariye.

• Uruhare : Gukata imiterere yihariye.

• Inyungu : Biratandukanye, bikwiranye n'ibishushanyo bitandukanye.

Imashini zizinga no gufunga

Imashini Zikubye Kubishushanyo Bitandukanye

Imashini zipakurura zikora imifuka itandukanye mugukata impapuro neza. Bakora ubwoko butandukanye bwububiko bwububiko bwihariye.

• Uruhare : Gupfundikanya impapuro mumashusho yimifuka.

• Inyungu : Ububiko bwuzuye, ibishushanyo mbonera.

Imashini ifata imashini ikomeye

Imashini zifata zikoresha ibifatika kubice byumufuka. Bemeza isano ikomeye, iramba.

• Uruhare : Gushyira hamwe no guhuza.

• Inyungu : Inkunga ikomeye, gukama vuba.

Imashini ikora

Imashini ikora imifuka

Imashini zikora imifuka zitangiza inzira yo gukora imifuka kuva kumpapuro. Bahuza gukata, kuzinga, no gufatisha inzira imwe.

• Uruhare : Gutangiza imashini.

• Inyungu : Gukora neza, guhuzagurika.

Imashini zo kongeramo imikoreshereze no kurangiza gukoraho

Izi mashini zongeramo imikoreshereze hamwe nugukoraho kumufuka. Bemeza ko imifuka yiteguye gukoreshwa kandi yujuje ubuziranenge.

• Uruhare : Ongeraho imikoreshereze, kurangiza gukoraho.

• Inyungu : Irangiza inzira yo gukora imifuka.

Inshamake yimashini mumpapuro yimashini yimashini

Ubwoko	bw'uruhare	Inyungu
Imashini zo gukora impapuro	Hindura impapuro	Impapuro nziza, nziza
Mucapyi	Umuvuduko mwinshi, nini-nini yo gucapa	Byihuta, byubukungu
Imashini zikurura	Icapiro ryiza cyane	Ibisobanuro birenze, ubuziranenge
Kureka Mucapyi	Ibicapo bihoraho, byujuje ubuziranenge	Biratandukanye, birahendutse
Guillotine	Gukata neza impapuro nini	Byukuri, neza
Imashini zipfa	Gukata imiterere yihariye	Bitandukanye, ibishushanyo bitandukanye
Imashini	Gupfundikanya impapuro mumifuka	Ibishushanyo nyabyo, byihariye
Imashini	Koresha ibifatika kugirango uhuze	Inkunga ikomeye, yumisha vuba
Imashini ikora imifuka	Gukora imashini	Gukora neza, gushikama
Imashini zo kongeramo imikoreshereze	Ongeraho imikoreshereze no kurangiza gukoraho	Kurangiza inzira yumusaruro

Izi mashini zigira uruhare runini mugukora imifuka yimpapuro nziza. Kuva kumashanyarazi kugeza kurangiza, buri mashini itanga imikorere nukuri mubikorwa byo gukora.

Umwanzuro

Ongera usubiremo uburyo bwo gukora impapuro

Urugendo rwimifuka yimpapuro rutangirana nibikoresho fatizo. Harimo ibiti, ibyatsi, n'impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa. Intambwe yambere ni ugusunika, aho imiti cyangwa imashini ihindura ibikoresho bibisi.

Ibikurikira, ifumbire ikorwa mumpapuro ukoresheje imashini nini yimpapuro. Izi mashini zirimo ibice byingenzi nkibisanduku byumutwe, igice cyinsinga, igice cyamakuru, nigice cyumye.

Urupapuro rumaze gukorwa, rucapurwa. Mucapyi ya Flexographic, gravure, na offset ikoreshwa hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibikenewe. Buri buryo bufite inyungu zidasanzwe hamwe nibisabwa.

Imashini zo gutema noneho gabanya impapuro mubunini bwihariye. Imashini za guillotine hamwe nimashini zipfa gupfa nibyingenzi kugirango bisobanuke neza. Imashini zizinga no gufunga zikurikira, zikora imiterere shingiro yimifuka. Izi mashini zemeza neza neza kandi zifatika zifatika.

Hanyuma, imashini zikora zitangiza inteko yimifuka. Harimo inzira zo kongeramo imikoreshereze nibindi bikoraho. Izi ntambwe zirangiza guhinduka kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza kubicuruzwa byarangiye.

Ibitekerezo Byanyuma Kubikora Impapuro

Gukora imifuka yimpapuro bifite inyungu zikomeye kubidukikije. Nibishobora kwangirika kandi birashobora gukoreshwa, bigabanya imyanda ya plastike. Gukoresha umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa nkibiti nimpapuro zongera gukoreshwa bifasha kubungabunga umutungo kamere.

Kazoza k'umusaruro wimpapuro zisa nkicyizere. Udushya twibanda ku buryo burambye kandi bunoze. Iterambere ryimashini nibikoresho bitera inganda imbere. Icyerekezo cyibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije bikomeje kwiyongera.

Abaguzi bakunda imifuka yimpapuro kubwinyungu zabo zibidukikije. Abashoramari nabo barabifata kugirango bateze imbere icyatsi kibisi. Muri rusange, imifuka yimpapuro yerekana guhitamo kuramba kubikenewe.