Zinjani izikhwama zephepha zenze umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukuqalisa

Ukubuka konke kwezikhwama zamaphepha

Ukuchazwa nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile

Izikhwama zamaphepha ziyaguquguquka futhi zisetshenziswe kabanzi empilweni yansuku zonke. Zenziwe ngePulp yePhepha, zitholwe ngokhuni, utshani, noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Lezi zikhwama ziza ngosayizi nezitayela ezahlukahlukene, zilungele ukuyothenga, ukupakisha, nokuphatha izimpahla. Ziyathandwa ezitolo ezithengiswayo, ezitolo zokudla, kanye nezitolo zezipho.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izikhwama

lenzuzo	zephepha
Biodegradable	Ukubola ngokwemvelo, kunciphisa imfucuza yokugcwaliswa komhlaba
Vele kabusha	Ingavuselelwa kabusha futhi isetshenziswe kabusha, yehlisa umthelela wezemvelo jikelele
Izinsizakusebenza Ezivuselelekayo	Yenziwe ngezinto zokwakha njengokhuni notshani, ezingabuyiselwa
Isithonjana sekhabhoni esiphansi	Ukukhiqizwa kusebenzisa amandla amancane namanzi kuqhathaniswa nezikhwama zepulasitiki
Isikhalazo Somthengi	Iheha amakhasimende we-Eco-Aace futhi athuthukise isithombe somkhiqizo
Ububanzi	Ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kusuka kokuyothenga kuya ekupakisheni nasekusongwe kwezipho

1. Izinto ezivuthiwe zezikhwama zamaphepha

Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza ezifuywayo

Izinhlobo zePulp yePhepha

Izikhwama zephepha ziqala ngePulp yephepha. Le pulp ivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene:

• I-Wood Pulp : Umthombo ojwayelekile kakhulu. Iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

• Utshani Pulp : Kwenziwe kusuka kuma-brictural byproducts. Kungcono.

• Iphepha eliphindaphindwayo : Isebenzisa imikhiqizo yamaphepha amadala. Kuhle ngokusimama.

Ukumboza izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe

Ukwenza ngcono izikhwama zamaphepha, kufakwa izimbotshana:

• I-Polyethylene (PE) : Ingeza ukumelana kwamanzi. Igcina okuqukethwe komile.

• I-Polypropylene (PP) : Ikhulisa amandla. Isiza izikhwama ziphathe izinto ezisindayo.

Anamathela asetshenziswa kwinqubo

Adhesives badlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni izikhwama zamaphepha. Bahlanganisa izingxenye ndawonye. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Adhesives asuselwa emanzini : eco-enobungane futhi iyasebenza. Isetshenziselwa ukubopha okujwayelekile.

• Izikhangiso ezishisayo ezishisayo : Ukusoma okuqinile nokusheshayo. Ilungele ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo.

Ama-inks wokuphrinta

Ukuphrinta ezikhwameni zephepha kudinga inks ethile. Lawa ma-inks kumele aphephe futhi acwenge:

• Ama-inks asuselwa emanzini : okuyingozi kancane emvelweni. Zome ngokushesha futhi zinempilo.

• Ama-inks asuselwa kusoya : enziwe ngo-soya. Bavuselelwa futhi bayasebenza.

Ithempeli le-Summary:

Yezinto Ezibonakalayo	Incazelo Eyisisekelo
I-Wood pulp	Iqinile, iqinile, esetshenziswa kakhulu
Utshani pulp	I-Eco-Friendly, yenziwe nge-brictoms byproducts
Iphepha elisetshenziswe kabusha	Esimeme, isebenzisa imikhiqizo yamaphepha amadala
Polyethylene (pe) coating	Ukungamelananga Amanzi, kugcina okuqukethwe komile
I-Polypropylene (PP) coating	Iqinisa izikhwama, zilungele izinto ezisindayo
Izikhangiso ezisuselwa emanzini	I-Eco-Friendly, Iphumelele Ngokubopha Okujwayelekile
Izinamathela ezishisayo ezishisayo	Eqinile, ukomisa okusheshayo, okulungele ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo
Ama-inks asuselwa emanzini	Eco-friendly, i-vibrant, eyomisa ngokushesha
Ama-inks asuselwa kusoya	Iyavuseleleka, i-biodegradable

2. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Izikhwama Zamaphepha

Isinyathelo 1: Ukuphamba

Ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukubuka konke

Amakhemikhali aphahlazeka apheka ama-chips izinkuni ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kwephula i-lignin, kubopha imicu. Amakhemikhali ajwayelekile afaka i-sodium hydroxide ne-sodium sulfide. Inqubo iholela ekugxumeni okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo Nezingqinamba

• Izinzuzo :

• Kukhiqiza iphepha eliqinile

• Isusa iningi le-lignin

• Ilungele imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme

• Izingqinamba :

• Kwakha imfucuza yamakhemikhali

• Idinga amandla amaningi

• Izindleko Zokukhiqiza Eziphakeme

Ukuphambuka kwemishini

Ukubuka konke

I-Mechan Pringping igaya izinkuni zibe pulp. Igcina ubumbano obuningi, okwenza luqine kancane kodwa lube nomnotho ngokwengeziwe. Inqubo isebenzisa amandla emishini ukuhlukanisa imicu.

Izinzuzo Nezingqinamba

• Izinzuzo :

• Ngokwezomnotho ngokwengeziwe

• Isivuno esiphakeme kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe

• Isebenzisa amandla amancane

• Izingqinamba :

• Kukhiqiza iphepha elibuthakathaka

• Izinsalela eziningi ze-lignin

• Ilungele imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme

Ukuxubha nokuhlola

Izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekuhlanganiseni

I-Bleaching isusa i-lignin esele, ikhanya nge-pulp. Ama-ejenti ajwayelekile wokufafaza afaka i-chlorine dioxide ne-hydrogen peroxide. Iqinisekisa i-pulp imhlophe futhi ihlanzekile.

Izinyathelo ezibandakanyeka ekuhlolweni

Ukuhlola kususa ukungcola kusuka ku-pulp. Isebenzisa izikrini zosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuhlunga izinto ezingafuneki. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ipulp ifana futhi ihlanzekile.

Ithempeli le-Summary: Izinqubo Zokuphamba

Indlela	Yokubuka Ukubuka	Izinzuzo	Zenzuzo
Ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali	Ukupheka izinkuni ama-chips ngamakhemikhali	Kukhiqiza iphepha elinamandla, kususa i-lignin	Kwakha imfucuza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu
Ukuphambuka kwemishini	Ukugaya izinkuni ku-pulp	Ezomnotho, isivuno esikhulu	Kukhiqiza iphepha elibuthakathaka, kugcina i-lignin
Ukuxuba	Ukususa i-Lignin ukuze kukhanye i-pulp	Iqinisekisa i-pulp emhlophe, ehlanzekile	Isebenzisa amakhemikhali
Ukuchofu	Ukuhlunga ukungcola	Kukhiqiza ushukela ofanayo	Idinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe

Isinyathelo 2: Ukwenza amaphepha

Ukusebenza Kwephepha Komshini

Sibutsetelo ngomshini wephepha

Umshini wephepha uyithuluzi elikhulu lezimboni. Iguqula uginindela ube ngamashidi aqhubekayo ephepha. Lo mshini ubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ivolumu ephezulu. Inezigaba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: ukwakha, ukucindezela, nokumiswa.

Kwakha: ukudala iphepha eliqhubekayo lephepha

Esigabeni esenziweyo, ipulp isakazeka esikrinini esihambayo. Amanzi akhipha amanzi, ashiye mat emanzi. Le mat yakha isisekelo sephepha lokugcina iphepha. Ingxenye eyakhekayo inquma ubukhulu bokuqala bephepha nokuvumelana.

Ukucindezela: Ukususa amanzi ekhasini lephepha

Okulandelayo, indawo yephepha ingena esigabeni sokucindezela. Lapha, ama-roller ancipha emanzini ngokweqile. Lesi sinyathelo sikhulisa ubuntu namandla ephepha. Ukucindezela kubuye kulungiselele ishidi lenqubo yokumisa.

Ukomisa: Ukuwongwa kokugcina ukufeza ikhwalithi yephepha oyifunayo

Esigabeni sokomisa, iphepha lidlula ngama-cylinder afudumele. Lawa ma-cylinders aqhuma umswakama osele. Ukomisa okufanele kubalulekile ekufezeni ikhwalithi yephepha oyifunayo. Iqinisekisa iphepha liqinile, libushelelezi, futhi lilungele ukucubungula okwengeziwe.

Ukusebenza Kwephepha Machine: Izinyathelo ezibalulekile

Isigaba	Sokuchazwa
Akha imali	Ukusakaza uginindela esikrinini esishukumisayo
Okucindezelayo	Khipha amanzi angena-roller
-Okunceyoma	Ukuhwamuka umswakama usebenzisa amasilinda afudumele

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yephepha

Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwephepha

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile ekwenzeni amaphepha. Iqinisekisa iphepha lihlangabezana namazinga adingekayo. Ikhwalithi engaguquki ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile emikhiqizweni yokugcina.

Izivivinyo ezijwayelekile namazinga

Kwenziwa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwama-Grammage : Kukala isisindo sephepha ngemitha yesikwele.

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqina : Kuqinisekisa ubukhulu bomfaniswano.

• Ukuhlolwa kwamandla kwe-Tensile : Kuvivinya amandla ephepha ngaphansi kwengxabano.

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe : Kuhlola amazinga afanele umswakama.

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukugcina amazinga aphezulu. Baqinisekisa ukuthi iphepha lilungele ukwenza izikhwama eziqinile, ezithembekile.

Ukusebenza kwamaphepha okufanele nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi eqinile kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Lezi zinqubo zibalulekile ekwakheni imikhiqizo eqinile, ethembekile ehlangabezana nokulindelwe kwabathengi.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukuphrinta

Amasu wokuphrinta

Ukuphrinta kwe-Flezographic: Ilungele ama-run amakhulu

Ukuphrinta kwe-Flezographic kusebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-run amakhulu. Isebenzisa amapuleti aguqukayo enziwe ngenjoloba noma ngeplastiki. Lawa mapuleti adlulisela inki ebusweni bephepha. Le ndlela ishesha futhi imnotho. Isebenza kahle ngama-inks ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okusekwe emanzini.

• Izinzuzo :

• Ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu okuphezulu

• Ilungele inani elikhulu

• Isebenza ngama-inks ahlukene

• Okubi :

• Ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuphrinta iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela

• Kudinga ukulungiselela okuqondile kwepuleti

Ukuphrinta Okungavuli: Izithombe Eziphakeme

Ukuphrinta okungaba buthaka kwaziwa ngokukhiqiza izithombe ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Isebenzisa amasilinda aqoshiwe ukudlulisa i-ink ephepheni. Le ndlela inikezela ukucaciswa okuhle kwesithombe nokujula. Ilungele imidwebo enemininingwane nombhalo omuhle.

• Izinzuzo :

• Ikhwalithi yesithombe

• Kuhle kakhulu ngemiklamo enemininingwane

• Okubi :

• Izindleko eziphezulu zokusetha

• Isebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-run amafushane

Ukuphrinta kwe-offset: Okujwayelekile kokuphrinta okuhlukahlukene

Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kuyaguquguquka futhi kusetshenziswe kabanzi. Kubandakanya ukudlulisa i-ink kusuka epuletini kwingubo yengubo yenjoloba, bese ephepheni. Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngokuphrinta okuguqukayo futhi okuphezulu. Ilungele ukugcwala okuncane nokukhulu kokuphrinta.

• Izinzuzo :

• Ikhwalithi yokuphrinta engaguquki

• Ibiza kakhulu ngamasayizi ahlukahlukene wokugijima

• Eziguquguqukayo ngokuya ngomklamo

• Okubi :

• Isikhathi sokusetha eside

• Kudinga opharetha abanamakhono

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa: Amasu wokuphrinta

amasu	Ezinzuzo	Ezibubi
-Flegographic	Ijubane eliphezulu, inani elikhulu	Ikhwalithi ephansi yokuphrinta, amapuleti aqondile
Gundacala	Ikhwalithi ephezulu, imiklamo eningiliziwe	Izindleko eziphezulu zokusetha, hhayi ama-run amafushane
Cishwa	Ikhwalithi engaguquki, eguquguqukayo	Ukusetha okude, opharetha abanamakhono

Indlela ngayinye yokuphrinta inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile. Ukukhetha kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zedizayini yesikhwama sephepha. Ukuphrinta kwe-Flezographic kuhambisa ama-run amakhulu, kanti amakhono amangalisa. Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kuyindlela enokulinganisela kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kusiza ekukhetheni indlela engcono kakhulu yezikhwama zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

I-Inks kanye nomthelela wabo

Izinhlobo zama-inks ezisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta

Ekukhiqizweni kwesikhwama sephepha, kusetshenziswa ama-inks ahlukile. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezakhiwo ezihlukile nokusebenzisa. Ama-inks ajwayelekile afaka:

• Ama-inks asuselwa emanzini : Lezi zithandwa ngemvelo yazo e-eco-friendly. Zoma ngokushesha futhi ziphephile emvelweni.

• Ama-inkki asuselwa kusoya : enziwe ngo-soya, la ma-inks avuselelwa futhi ayatholakala. Banikela ngemibala esebenzayo futhi anobuthi obuncane.

• I-UV INKS : welashwa kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, lezi zinkomba zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zimelana nokubhema. Zilungele ukuphrinta ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

• I-Lolvent-based inks : yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuhlukahlukene nokunamathela, la ma-inks asetshenziswa kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, bakhipha ama-compacts avuselelayo ezinto eziphilayo (ama-Vocs).

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo Nezempilo

Lapho ukhetha ama-inks, kubalulekile ukucubungula imithelela yabo yezemvelo nezempilo. Ama-inks angathinta imvelo nempilo yabantu:

• Ama-inks asuselwa emanzini : Lezi zinkomba ziphansi kuma-Vocs, zibenze baphephe imvelo. Banciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya futhi abanobungozi kubasebenzi.

• Ama-inks asuselwa kusoya : angukukhetha okuqhubekayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwabo kusebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa futhi kukhipha ukungcola okumbalwa.

• I-UV INKS : Ngenkathi ihlala isikhathi eside, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-UV MOKE idinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela. U-UV welapha ungakhiqiza i-ozone, ingozi yempilo.

• I-Lolvent-based inks : Lezi zi-inks zinamazinga aphezulu ama-Vocs. Zingadala ukungcoliswa komoya nezinkinga zempilo zabasebenzi, kubandakanya nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Ithempeli le-Summary: Ama-Inks kanye ne-Ink Min

Ink Type	Inzuzo	Ithonya Lemvelo
Kususelwa emanzini	Eco-friendly, ukoma okusheshayo	Amavoni aphansi, aphephile emvelweni
Kususelwa ku-soy	Imibala evuselelekayo, ephilayo	Ukungcola okuqhubekayo, okumbalwa
Uv	Ihlala isikhathi eside, engamelana ne-smudge	Kudinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela, ubungozi be-ozone
I-solvent-based	Eziguquguqukayo, ukunamathela okuhle	Amavoki aphezulu, ukungcoliswa komoya, izindaba zezempilo

Usebenzisa ama-inks e-eco-friendly efana ne-water-based and soy-isuselwe kusiza ukunciphisa ukunciphisa izinyawo zemvelo. Iphinde iqinisekise izimo zokusebenza eziphephile. Ukucabanga kokubili ukusebenza kanye nomthelela kubalulekile ekukhetheni ink eyiyo izikhwama zamaphepha.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukusika nokubumba

Imishini yokusika

Ukubuka konke kwemishini yokusika

Imishini yokusika ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni isikhwama sephepha. Basika amashidi amakhulu amaphepha abe osayizi abaqondile. Imishini ejwayelekile ifaka ama-cutter afanele ne-polar. Le mishini iqinisekisa ukusikeka okunembile nangokuhlanzekile, okubalulekile ezikhwameni zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukusika okunembile nokubaluleka kwako

Ukusika ngokunembe kubalulekile. Kuthinta ubukhulu bokugcina besikhwama nokusebenza. Ukusikeka okunembile kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zihlangana kahle. Lokhu kunembe kunciphisa imfucuza futhi kuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwesikhwama namandla.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokusika

yohlobo	lwezinzuzo	imishini
Umqondo	Ukunemba okuphezulu, okusebenziseka kalula	Ikhwalithi eguqukayo, ukusebenza kahle
Ipholambe	Ukuqina, okuguquguqukayo	Ethembekile, iphatha osayizi abahlukahlukene

Ukugoqa nokugobhoza

Amasu wokugoqa imiklamo ehlukahlukene yezikhwama

Ukugoqa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Amasu ahlukene adala ukwakheka kwezikhwama ezahlukahlukene. Amafolda ajwayelekile afaka:

• I-Side Fold : Kwakha ama-gessets wevolumu engeziwe.

• I-Fort Fold : yakha isisekelo esishisayo, esizinzile.

• I-Top Fold : Igcizelela ukuvulwa kwesikhwama.

Ukugoqa okufanele kuqinisekisa amandla nokusebenza kwesikhwama. Isigaxa ngasinye kufanele sibe necacile ukuze silondoloze ukwakheka kwesikhwama.

Anamathela asetshenziswa kwinqubo

Adhesives Bond izingxenye ezisongelwe ndawonye. Babalulekile ukuqina. Izikhangiso ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Adhesives asuselwa emanzini : eco-enobungane futhi isebenza ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile.

• Izikhangiso ezishisayo ezishisayo : Ukusoma okuqinile nokusheshayo, okulungele ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo.

Lezi zinamatheli ziqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama sihlala siqinile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukukhetha ukunamathela okulungile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesikhwama.

Ithempeli le-Summary: Amasu wokugoqa nezinzuzo

zenqubo	yokuhlobisa	ezinamathela	izinzuzo
Side Fold	Kwakha ama-gussets wevolumu	Kususelwa emanzini	Eco-friendly, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile
Sonder	Yakha isisekelo esizinzile	Kushisa kuncibilika	Eqinile, ukomisa okusheshayo
I-TOP SOFT	Kuqinisa ukuvulwa kwesikhwama	Ukuncibilika okususelwa emanzini / okushisayo	Amandla athuthukisiwe, ukuqina

Isinyathelo 5: Ukwakha nokuqeda

Ukwakheka kwesikhwama

Inqubo yokuhlelwa kwe-step-by-step

Ukwakheka kwezikhwama zephepha kubandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa eziqondile:

1. Ukusika iphepha : Inqubo iqala ngokusika amashidi amakhulu amaphepha abe osayizi abathile.

2. Ukugoqa izinhlangothi : izinhlangothi zisongelwa ukudala ama-gussets. Lokhu kwenezela ivolumu esikhwameni.

3. Kwakha phansi : Phansi kugoqwe futhi kuthathwe nzima ukuhlinzeka ngozinzo.

4. Ukunamathela izinhlangothi : izinhlangothi zithathwe ndawonye ukwakha isakhiwo sesikhwama.

Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukunemba ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhwama nokusebenziseka.

Ukugoqa okuhlangothini nokwakheka okungezansi

Ukugoqa eceleni nokwakheka okungezansi kubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwesikhwama:

• Ukugoqwa kwecala : Lokhu kudala ama-gessets, okuvumela isikhwama ukuthi sandise futhi babambe izinto eziningi.

• Ukwakheka okungezansi : Ukuqinisekisa isisekelo esiqinile nesizinzile, lesi sinyathelo sifaka ukugoqa okuqondile nokugcwala. Ngaphansi okwakheke kahle kugcina isikhwama siqonde futhi sisekela isisindo sokuqukethwe kwaso.

Izinyathelo zokwakheka kwesikhwama

yesinyathelo	incazelo
Usikeni	Iphepha lokusika libe osayizi abathile
Ukonga uhlangothi	Ukwakha ama-gessets wevolumu
Ukwakheka okungezansi	Ukugoqa nokugobhoza phansi
Ukunamathela izinhlangothi	Izinhlangothi ze-gluing ukwakha isakhiwo

Ukungeza izibambo kanye nezinye izici

Izinhlobo zezibambo

Ukungeza izibambo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikhwama. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezibambo zifaka:

• Izibambo zasefulethini : elula futhi kulula ukuyiphatha. Zivame ukwenziwa kusuka ezintweni ezifanayo njengesikhwama.

• Izibambo ezisontekile : zinamandla futhi zikhululekile ukubamba. Enziwe ephepheni elisontekile lamandla angeziwe.

• Ukufa-ukusika izibambo : Kuhlanganiswe emklamweni wesikhwama. Lokhu kusikwa ngqo ephepheni, kuvame ukuqiniswa ukuqina.

Ukugcizelela nokuqeda Ukuthinta

Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina, izikhwama zivame ukufaka ukuqiniswa nokuqedwa kokubanta:

• Izibambo eziqinisiwe : Amandla angeziwe okusingatha okunamathiselwe. Kuvimbela ukudwengula ngaphansi komthwalo.

• Ukufakwa okungezansi : ukuqina isisekelo, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye nomthamo wokulayisha.

• Ukuphrinta nokubhala : Ukungeza ama-logo nemiklamo kuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwesikhwama futhi kukhuthaza uhlobo.

Izinhlobo zezibambo kanye nokuqiniswa kokuqiniswa

yohlobo	kwencazelo
Izibambo zasefulethini	Izinto ezilula, ezifanayo njengesikhwama
Izibambo ezisontekile	Iphepha elinamandla, elinethezekile, elisontekile
Izibambo ezisikiwe	Kuhlanganisiwe, kuqinisiwe
Izibambo eziqinisiwe	Amandla angeziwe
Ukufakwa okungezansi	I-Stifices Base
Ukuphrinta / uphawu	Kuthuthukisa ukubukeka, ukukhushulwa komkhiqizo

Ukwakha nokuqeda ukuthinta kokugcina ekwakheni izikhwama zephepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Isinyathelo ngasinye, kusuka ohlangothini lokugoqa ukuze sisingatha okunamathiselwe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama siyasebenza, sihlala isikhathi eside, futhi sithandeka. Ngokuqonda lezi zinqubo, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza izikhwama zephepha ezithembekile nezikhangayo ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zabathengi.

Ukungeza izibambo kanye nezinye izici

Izinhlobo zezibambo

Ukungeza izibambo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezikhwama zamaphepha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibambo:

• Izibambo zasefulethini : Lezi zilula futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo. Zivame ukwenziwa kusuka ezintweni ezifanayo njengesikhwama. Zithambekele ngaphakathi kwesikhwama ukubukeka okungenamthungo. Izibambo zasefulethini zilula ukukhiqiza futhi zinamathisele, zibenze babize kakhulu.

• Izibambo ezisontekile : Lezi zimbambo zenziwa ephepheni elisontekile. Zinamandla futhi zikhululekile ukubamba. Izibambo ezisontekile zithambekele ngaphakathi kwesikhwama. Lolu hlobo lwesibambo luyathandwa ukuqina kwalo nokudluliswa kwe-aesthetic.

• Ukufa-ukusika izibambo : Lezi zibangelo zinqunywa ngqo esikhwameni. Zivame ukuqiniswa ukuvikela ukudwengula. Ukufa-ukusika izibambo zinikeza ukubukeka okucacile nokunamuhla. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezikhwameni ezincane nezikhwama zezipho.

kwezinhlobo zezibopho

Zohlobo	lwencazelo	Ukuqhathaniswa
Izibambo zasefulethini	Yenziwe kusuka kuzinto ezifanayo njengesikhwama	Elula, elibiza kakhulu
Izibambo ezisontekile	Enziwe ngephepha elisontekile	Unamandla, ukhululekile
Izibambo ezisikiwe	Sika ngqo esikhwameni	Sleek, ukubukeka kwesimanje

Ukugcizelela nokuqeda Ukuthinta

Ukugcizelela kanye nokuqedwa kokuthinta kuqinisekisa ukuqina nokukhanga kobuhle kwezikhwama zamaphepha:

• Izibambo eziqinisiwe : Indwangu eyengeziwe ingezwa lapho izibambo zinamathisela esikhwameni. Lokhu kuqinisa ukuxhumana futhi kuvimbela ukudwengula, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo. Izibambo eziqinisiwe zithuthukisa ukuqina kokuqina kwesikhwama.

• Ukufakwa okungezansi : Ucezu lwamakhadifini lubekwe ezansi kwesikhwama. Lokhu kufakwa kusiza isikhwama sigcine ukwakheka kwaso futhi sinikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokuthwala izinto ezisindayo. Ukufakwa okungezansi kusebenza kakhulu ezikhwameni ezinkulu.

• Ukuphrinta nokubhala : Ukungeza ama-logo, ukwakheka, noma umbhalo kungathuthukisa isikhalazo esibukwayo sesikhwama futhi sithuthukise uhlobo. Amasu aphezulu wokuphrinta aqinisekisa imibala ebonakalayo nezithombe ezibukhali. Umkhiqizo wangokwezifiso uguqula isikhwama esilula sephepha sibe yithuluzi lokumaketha.

Izinhlobo zokuqiniswa kanye nokuqedwa kokuthinta

kwesici	senhloso	izinzuzo
Izibambo eziqinisiwe	Qinisa okunamathiselwe kwesibambo	Kuvimbela ukudwengula
Ukufakwa okungezansi	Hlinzeka ukwesekwa nokugcina ukwakheka	Isekela izinto ezisindayo
Ukuphrinta / uphawu	Ngcono ukunxusa okubukwayo, ukugqugquzela uhlobo	Ithuluzi lokumaketha

Ukufaka lezi zici ezikhwameni zamaphepha akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo kepha kubenza bakhange kakhulu kubathengi. Ngokukhetha izibambo ezifanele futhi wengeza ukuqiniswa, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza izikhwama zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezihlala isikhathi eside, nezitayela ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene.

3. Imishini esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwesikhwama sephepha

Imishini yokuphambuka

Imishini yokuphambuka ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezikhwama zamaphepha. Baguqula izinto eziluhlaza, njengokhuni, utshani, noma iphepha elibuyiselwe kabusha, lingene epulpini. Le pulp iyisisekelo sephepha.

Imishini yokuphambuka kwamakhemikhali

Indima ekukhiqizweni

Imishini yokuphambuka kwamakhemikhali isebenzisa amakhemikhali ukudiliza izinto zokwakha. Bakhiqiza uginindela oqinile, osezingeni eliphakeme ngokususa i-lignin.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile

• Imishini yokuphambuka kwe-Kraft : sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ne-sodium sulfide. Bakhiqiza i-pulp eqinile, ephezulu yamandla.

• Imishini ye-Sulfite Phring : Sebenzisa i-sulfurous acid. Bakha i-pulp evumelana nezimo, kepha kangako.

Izinzuzo

• Kukhiqiza iphepha elinamandla, eliphakeme.

• Isusa iningi le-lignin, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina.

Izingqinamba

• Kwakha imfucuza yamakhemikhali.

• Amandla aphezulu nezidingo zezindleko.

Inqubo yokuphambuka kwamakhemikhali

Isinyathelo	Incazelo
Okokufaka okubonakalayo okuluhlaza	Izinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe zondliwe ku-diget.
Ukupheka amakhemikhali	Amakhemikhali aphula ama-lignin nemicu.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Pulp	Ukukhishwa kwe-pulp kukhishwe futhi kuhlanzwe.

Imishini yokuphambuka kwemishini

Indima ekukhiqizweni

Imishini yokuphambuka kwemishini yokugaya izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe pulp ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Le nqubo iwumnotho owengeziwe kepha ikhiqiza i-pulp ebuthakathaka.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile

• I-Stone Groundwood (SGW) imishini : Gigb izinkuni ngokumelene netshe elijikelezayo.

• Imishini ye-Refiper Mechanical Pulp (RMP) : Sebenzisa amadiski wensimbi ukucwilisa i-pulp.

Izinzuzo

• Kubiza kakhulu.

• Isivuno esiphakeme kusuka ezintweni eziluhlaza.

Izingqinamba

• Khiqiza iphepha elibuthakathaka, elihlala buqinile.

• Igcina ubumbano obuningi.

Inqubo yokuphambuka kwemishini

yesinyathelo	yenqubo
Okokufaka okubonakalayo okuluhlaza	Amalogi ezinkuni adalulwa futhi aphonswa.
Gonqiweyo	Ama-chips asemhlabathini epulpy ngomshini.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Pulp	I-Pulp ihlolwe futhi ihlanzwe.

Yomibili imishini yokuphambuka yamakhemikhali neyimishini ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni isikhwama sephepha. I-chringping yamakhemikhali ilungele izikhwama ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ngenkathi imishini yokuphamba ibiza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okufunwa okuncane.

Ukubuka konke kwemishini yamaphepha amakhulu

Imishini yamaphepha amakhulu ibalulekile ekuguquleni uginindela ube amashidi aqhubekayo ephepha. Le mishini ibhekele amanani amakhulu we-pulp futhi akhiqize iphepha eliphakeme kahle.

Izakhi ezibalulekile nemisebenzi

• I-Headbox : isabalalisa ugxumela esikrinini esishukumisayo ngokulinganayo.

• Isigaba se-Wire : yakha ishidi lephepha ngokususa amanzi.

• Cindezela isigaba : Isebenzisa ama-roller ukukhipha amanzi ngokweqile.

• Isigaba se-Dryer : Sebenzisa amasilinda afudumele ukomisa iphepha.

• I-reel : igoqa iphepha eliqediwe kuma-reels amakhulu ukuze kuqhubeke kabusha.

Imishini yokuphrinta

Amaphrinta we-Flezographic

Abaphrinti be-Fleemgraphic basebenzisa amapuleti aguqukayo ukudlulisa i-ink ephepheni. Zilungele ijubane eliphezulu, ukuphrinta okukhulu kwevolumu.

• Izinzuzo : Ngokushesha, ezomnotho, zilungele ama-inks ahlukahlukene.

• I-Cons : Ikhwalithi ephansi yokuphrinta iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela.

Amaphrinta ama-Graure

Abaphrinta beGaure basebenzisa amasilinda aqoshiwe ukudlulisa uyinki. Bakhiqiza izithombe ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngemininingwane emihle.

• Okuhle : Ikhwalithi yesithombe esiphakeme, ilungele ukwakheka okuningiliziwe.

• I-Cons : izindleko eziphezulu zokusetha, zisebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-run amafushane.

Amaphrinta we-offset

I-Offset PRINTERS Dlulisa inki kusuka epuletini ngengubo yerabha, bese ungena ephepheni. Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngokuphrinta okuguqukayo futhi okuphezulu.

• Izinzuzo : eziguquguqukayo, ezingenazindleko zokugijima okuhlukahlukene kokuphrinta.

• IBANDLA : isikhathi sokusetha eside, kudinga opharetha abanamakhono.

Uhlobo lokuqhathanisa lomshini lokuphrinta

luhlobo lwephrinta	oluhle	uluhlobo
-Flegographic	Ama-inks asheshayo, ezomnotho, ahlukahlukene	Ikhwalithi ephansi yokuphrinta
Gundacala	Ikhwalithi ephezulu, imiklamo eningiliziwe	Izindleko eziphezulu zokusetha
Cishwa	Ikhwalithi engaguquki, eguquguqukayo	Isikhathi sokusetha eside, opharetha abanamakhono

Imishini yokusika

Abasiki be-guillotine

Abasiki be-guillotine basebenzisa i-blade eqondile ukusika amashidi amakhulu ephepha osayizi abathile. Zinembile futhi zisebenza kahle.

• Indima : Ukusika amashidi amakhulu amaphepha.

• Izinzuzo : Ukunemba okuphezulu, kulula ukusebenza.

Imishini yokusikeka

Imishini yokusika - yokusika isebenzisa u-Custom Diees ukusika ukwakheka ephepheni. Babalulekile ekwakheni ukwakheka kwesikhwama esithile.

• Indima : Ukusika bobunjwa ngokwezifiso.

• Izinzuzo : Ukuguquguquka, kufanelekile ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene.

Ukugoqa nemishini ecwebezelayo

Imishini yokugoqa yemiklamo ehlukene yesikhwama

Imishini yokugoqa idale ama-design ahlukahlukene wesikhwama ngokugoqa iphepha ngokunembile. Baphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-fold zezakhiwo eziqondene nezikhwama ezithile.

• Indima : Ukugoqa iphepha kubunjwa basikhwama.

• Izinzuzo : Amafolda anembile, ukwakheka okwenziwe ngezifiso.

Imishini ecwebezelayo yezibopho ezinamathela

Imishini ye-Gluing isebenza ngokunamathela ezingxenyeni ze-bondar zesikhwama. Baqinisekisa amabhondi aqinile, aqinile.

• Indima : Ukufaka izicelo kanye nesibopho.

• Izinzuzo : Amabhondi aqinile, ukomisa okusheshayo.

Ukwakha imishini

Imishini Yokudala Izikhwama

Imishini yokulungisa isikhwama ishintsha inqubo yokwakha izikhwama kumashidi ephepha. Zihlanganisa ukusika, ukugoqa, nokugobhoza ngenqubo eyodwa.

• Indima : Ukudambisa isikhwama.

• Izinzuzo : Ukusebenza kahle, ukuvumelana.

Imishini yokungeza izibambo nokuqeda ukuthinta

Le mishini yengeza izibambo nokuthinta kokugcina ezikhwameni. Baqinisekisa ukuthi izikhwama zilungele ukusetshenziswa futhi zihlangabezane namazinga asezingeni.

• Indima : Ukungeza Izibambo, Ukuqeda Ukuthinta.

• Izinzuzo : Uqedela inqubo yokukhiqiza isikhwama.

semishini ephepheni

lomshini wokukhiqiza	isikhwama	Isifinyezo
Imishini yokwenza amaphepha	Guqula uginindela ephepheni	Iphepha elisebenzayo, eliphakeme kakhulu
Amaphrinta we-Flezographic	Ijubane eliphezulu, ukuphrinta okukhulu kwevolumu	Ngokushesha, kwezomnotho
Amaphrinta ama-Graure	Ukuphrinta Kwekhwalithi ephezulu	Imininingwane ephakeme, ikhwalithi
Amaphrinta we-offset	Ukuphrinta okungaguquki, okuphezulu	Eziguquguqukayo, ezisebenzayo
Abasiki be-guillotine	Ukusika okuqondile kwamashidi amakhulu	Ukunemba okuphezulu, okusebenzayo
Imishini yokusikeka	Ukusika amajamo ngokwezifiso	Okuhlukahlukene, ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene
Imishini yokugoqa	Ukugoqa iphepha kubunjwa basikhwama	Imiklamo enembile, eyenziwe ngezifiso
Imishini ecwebezelayo	Ukufaka isicelo sokunamathela ukuze ubugqila	Ama-bond aqinile, asheshayo okomisa
Imishini Yokudala Izikhwama	Ezenzakalelayo zesikhwama	Ukusebenza kahle, ukuvumelana
Imishini yokungeza izibambo	Ukungeza izibambo nokuqeda ukuthinta	Uqede inqubo yokukhiqiza

Le mishini idlala izindima ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zamaphepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ukusuka ekushayweni uye ekuqedeni, umshini ngamunye uqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kwinqubo yokukhiqiza.

Ukugcina

Ukubuyiselwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza isikhwama sephepha

Uhambo lwezikhwama zamaphepha luqala ngezinto ezingavuthiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkuni, utshani nephepha eliphindaphindekile. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukugibela, lapho izinqubo zamakhemikhali noma zemishini ziguqula izinto zokusetshenziswa zibe pulp.

Okulandelayo, i-pulp yakhiwa ngamashidi ephepha asebenzisa imishini enkulu yamaphepha. Le mishini ifaka phakathi izakhi ezibalulekile njengebhokisi le-headbox, isigaba socingo, isigaba sabezindaba, kanye nesigaba somile.

Lapho nje iphepha selenziwa, licindezela. I-Flezographic, Graveres, kanye nabaphrinti be-offset basetshenziswa ngokususelwa kuklamo nezidingo zenani. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Imishini yokusika bese usika iphepha libe osayizi abathile. Abasiki be-guillotine nemishini yokufa-ukusika kubalulekile ukuze ucace. Imishini yokugoqa nokugobhoza iyalandela, yakha ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwezikhwama. Le mishini iqinisekisa amafolda anembile nezibopho ezinamandla ezinamathela.

Ekugcineni, ukwakha imishini eyenza umhlangano wezikhwama. Kubandakanya izinqubo zokwengeza izibambo nokunye okuphothayo. Lezi zinyathelo ziqedela ukuguqulwa kusuka kokuqukethwe okungavuthiwe kuMkhiqizo Oqedile.

Imicabango yokugcina ekwakhiweni kwesikhwama sephepha

Ukukhishwa kwesikhwama samaphepha kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo. Ziyinto engathandeki futhi iyasebenza kabusha, inciphisa imfucuza yepulasitiki. Kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengokhuni nephepha eliphindaphindwazo kusiza ukufaka izinsiza zemvelo.

Ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwesikhwama sephepha libukeka lithembisa. Izinto ezintsha zigxila ekusimeni nasekusebenzeni kahle. Intuthuko emishini nasezintweni zokwakha ishayela imboni phambili. Umkhuba obheke emikhiqizweni ye-eco-friendly uyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Abathengi bakhetha izikhwama zamaphepha ngezinzuzo zabo zemvelo. Amabhizinisi nawo awamukela ukukhuthaza isithombe esiluhlaza. Sekukonke, izikhwama zephepha zibonisa ukukhetha okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zokupakisha.