Matumba a pepala amapanga bwanji potsogolera

Chiyambi

Mwachidule matumba a pepala

Tanthauzo ndi zodziwika bwino

Matumba a pepala amakhala osintha komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku zamkati za pepala, kuchokera ku matabwa, udzu, kapenanso zinthu zobwezerezedwanso. Matumba awa amabwera mosiyanasiyana komanso masitaelo osiyanasiyana, oyenera kugula, kukonza, komanso katundu wonyamula katundu. Amakhala otchuka m'malo ogulitsa, malo ogulitsira, ndi malo ogulitsira mphatso.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mapepala

Opindulitsa	Mapepala
Biodeggrad	Kuwola mwachilengedwe, kuchepetsa zinyalala zamoto
Bwelera	Ikhoza kubwezerezedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kutsitsa chilengedwe chonse
Zothandizanso	Zopangidwa kuchokera ku zida ngati nkhuni ndi udzu, zomwe zitha kusindikizidwanso
Kutsika kwa kaboni	Kupanga kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso madzi poyerekeza ndi matumba apulasitiki
Apilo ya ogula	Imakopa makasitomala a Eco-odziwa bwino
Kusiyanasiyana	Oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chogula ndi kuthina ndi mphatso

1. Zida zopangira mapepala

Zida zoyambirira zaiwisi

Mitundu ya pepala

Matumba a pepala amayamba ndi zamkati. Pulogalamuyi imachokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana:

• Pulp zamkati : gwero lodziwika kwambiri. Ndi wamphamvu komanso wolimba.

• Kuphatikizidwa ndi udzu : zopangidwa kuchokera ku zochokera ku ulimi. Ndiwosangalatsa.

• Pepala lobwezerezedwanso : limagwiritsa ntchito zogulitsa zakale. Ndizabwino kwambiri pakukhazikika.

Zovala zowonjezera

Kusintha m'matumba, zokutira zimawonjezeredwa:

• Polyethylene (pe) : amawonjezera kukana madzi. Amasunga zomwe zili.

• Polypropylene (mas) : Kuchuluka mphamvu. Imathandizira matumba kunyamula zinthu zolemera.

Zomatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kuchita malonda kumatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapepala. Amalumikizana limodzi. Mitundu wamba imaphatikizapo:

• Kumata Madzi : Eco-ochezeka komanso ogwira mtima. Ntchito wamba.

• Kutentha kotentha : kuwuma kolimba komanso mwachangu. Zabwino kwambiri pakuthamanga kwambiri.

M'mawu osindikiza

Kusindikiza pamatumba pamapepala kumafunikira ma inks. Ma Inks ayenera kukhala otetezeka komanso ochezeka:

• Makutu okhudzana ndi madzi : osachepera chilengedwe. Amawuma mwachangu ndipo ndi a nyonga.

• Ma inks okhazikika : opangidwa kuchokera ku soya. Adzakwaniritsidwa ndipo biodegrable.

Tebulo zoyambirira

Zoyeserera	lachidule :
Zamkati zamkati	Wamphamvu, wolimba, womwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito
Sitirolp	Eco-ochezeka, yopangidwa ndi zochokera ku ulimi
Pepala lobwezerezedwanso	Chokhazikika, chimagwiritsa ntchito zogulitsa zakale
Polyethylene (pe) zokutidwa	Madzi osagwirizana ndi madzi, amasunga zomwe zili bwino
Polypropylene (pp) yokutidwa	Imalimbitsa matumba, zabwino kwa zinthu zolemera
Kumata Madzi	Eco-ochezeka, ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri
Zomata zamoto zotentha	Kuwuma kwamphamvu, kufulumira, njira yothamanga kwambiri
Ma Inks Okhazikika Madzi	Eco-ochezeka, wowuma, wowuma msanga
Ma Inks Okhazikika	Zokonzedwanso, Biodegradgle

2. Njira Yopanga Tanthauzo

Gawo 1: Kutuluka

Kukoka kwamankhwala

Magwiridwe ake mwachidule

Kuyika kwamankhwala kuphika tchipisi ndi mankhwala. Izi zimaphwanya Lignin, kumanga ulusi. Mankhwala wamba amaphatikizapo sodium hydroxide ndi sodium sulfide. Njirayi imabweretsa zamkati zolimba, zolimba.

Ubwino ndi Zovuta

• Ubwino :

• Amapanga pepala lolimba

• Amachotsa livin

• Yoyenera zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri

• Zovuta :

• Amapanga zinyalala zamankhwala

• Pamafunika mphamvu zambiri

• Mtengo Wokwera Kwambiri

Makina opindika

Magwiridwe ake mwachidule

Makina oponya nkhuni mu zamkati. Imasunganso livinin yambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yamphamvu koma yochulukirapo. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakina kupatukana.

Ubwino ndi Zovuta

• Ubwino :

• Zochulukirapo

• Zokolola zapamwamba kuchokera kuzomera

• Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa

• Zovuta :

• Amatulutsa mapepala ofooka

• Zambiri za Lignin

• Zoyenera zochepa pazogulitsa zapamwamba

Kuyamwa ndi Kuyang'ana

Njira Zomwe Zimakhudzidwa ndi Kuchulukitsa

Kulefuka kumachotsa lignin wotsalira, ndikuwala. Othandizira zofala zofala zimaphatikizapo chlorine dioxide ndi hydrogen peroxide. Imatsimikizira zamkati ndizoyera komanso zoyera.

Njira Zomwe Zimakhudzidwa Poyang'ana

Kuwunika kumachotsa zodetsa ku zamkati. Imagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zosiyanasiyana kuti zisewetse zinthu zosafunikira. Izi zimatsimikizira zamkati ndi yunifolomu komanso yoyera.

Tebulo lachidule: Pukutira Njira

Yamtundu	Wamtundu Wamtundu	Zimapindulitsa	Wabwino
Kukoka kwamankhwala	Kuphika tchipisi nkhuni ndi mankhwala	Amatulutsa pepala lolimba, amachotsa Lignin	Amatulutsa zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri
Makina opindika	Kupera nkhuni kulowa mkati	Zopindulitsa, zokolola zambiri	Amatulutsa mapepala ofooka, amasunga Lignin
Kupasuka	Kuchotsa Liggen kuti ayeretse zamkati	Amawonetsetsa zoyera, zamkati zoyera	Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Kudeko	Kusefa zosanja	Imapanga zamkati	Pamafunika kukonzanso

Gawo 2: Kupanga pepala

Makina Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mapepala

Mwachidule pamakina a pepala

Makina pepala ndi chipangizo chachikulu cha mafakitale. Zimasintha zamkati m'mapepala opitilira mapepala. Makinawa ndi ofunikira pakupanga ndalama kwambiri. Ili ndi magawo angapo ofunikira: kupanga, kukanikiza, ndi kuyanika.

Kupanga: kupanga pepala mosalekeza

Popanga siteji, zamkati zimafalikira pazenera loyenda. Madzi amagwa, kusiya pepala lonyowa. Mat amatanthauza maziko a pepala lomaliza. Gawo lopanga limazindikira kuti pepala loyambirira la pepalalo ndi kusasinthika.

Kukanikiza: Kuchotsa madzi kuchokera papepala

Kenako, mapepala a pepala amalowa gawo lotsatira. Apa, odzigudukitsira akudzigudulira madzi owonjezera. Gawo ili limawonjezera kachulukidwe ndi mphamvu za pepalalo. Kupanganso kumakonzekeretsanso pepalalo kuti lisapume.

Kuyanika: Kuuma kotsiriza kuti mukwaniritse makalata ofunikira

Munthawi youma, pepala limadutsa m'maliriji otenthetsera. Cylinder awa amasintha chinyontho chotsalira. Kuyanika koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse pepala lomwe mukufuna. Zimawonetsetsa kuti pepalalo ndi lamphamvu, losalala, komanso lokonzeka kukonzanso.

Makina Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mapepala: Magawo A

STATE	EXP
Kupanga	Kufalitsa zamkati pazenera
Kufunikira	Kufinya madzi ndi ogubuduza
Kuima	Kutulutsa chinyezi pogwiritsa ntchito ma cylinders

Kuwongolera kwa pepala

Onetsetsani kuti ndi mapepala

Kuwongolera kwapadera ndikofunikira pakupanga mapepala. Amatsimikizira pepalalo likukumana ndi mfundo zofunika. Khalidwe losasinthika ndikofunikira pakuchita zodalirika pazogulitsa zomaliza.

Mayeso wamba ndi miyezo

Mayeso osiyanasiyana amachitidwa kuti asungidwe:

• Kuyesedwa kwa galamala : Njira zolemera pa mita imodzi.

• Kuyesedwa kwa makulidwe : awonetse makulidwe a yunifolomu.

• Kuyesa Kwamphamvu : Imayesanso pepala la pepalali pamavuto.

• Kuyesa chinyezi : Kuyang'ana kwa milingo yoyenera.

Mayeso amenewa amathandizira kukhala ndi miyezo yapamwamba. Amawonetsetsa kuti pepalalo ndi loyenera kupanga matumba olimba, odalirika.

Makina Oyenera a Mapepala ndi Zovuta Zapamwamba Zoyenera Kupanga zikwama zapamwamba kwambiri. Njira izi ndizofunikira pakupanga zinthu zolimba, zodalirika zomwe zimapeza zoyembekezera.

Gawo 3: Kusindikiza

Njira Zosindikiza

Kusinthasinthasintha: Zabwino kwambiri

Kusindikiza kusinthasintha ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthamanga kwakukulu. Imagwiritsa ntchito mbale zosinthika zopangidwa ndi mphira kapena pulasitiki. Mapulogalamu awa amasinthitsa inki papepala. Njira iyi ndi yachangu komanso yachuma. Zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi inki zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madzi.

• Ubwino :

• Kuthamanga kwambiri

• Oyenera kwambiri

• Imagwira ntchito ndi ma inki osiyanasiyana

• Zovuta :

• Kusindikiza Kotsika poyerekeza ndi njira zina

• Pamafunika kukonzekera kwa mbale

Kusindikiza kwa Gravure: Zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri

Kusindikiza kodula kumadziwika chifukwa chopanga zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma cylinders olembedwa kuti asamutsa ik mpaka pepala. Njirayi imapereka chithunzi chabwino kwambiri komanso kuya. Ndibwino kujambula mwatsatanetsatane ndi mawu abwino.

• Ubwino :

• Mtundu Wapamwamba Kwambiri

• Zabwino kwambiri pazopanga mwatsatanetsatane

• Zovuta :

• Mtengo wokwera kwambiri

• Kuchuluka kwabwino kwambiri

Kusindikiza Kwamanja: Kufalikira Kwa Maulendo Osiyanasiyana

Kusindikiza kosiyanasiyana kumakhala kovuta komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo kusamutsa inki kuchokera ku mbale ku bulangeti la mphira, kenako papepala. Njirayi imapereka zosindikiza zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba. Ndioyenera kutsata zazing'ono komanso zazikulu.

• Ubwino :

• Zosindikiza Zosindikiza

• Mtengo wogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana

• Mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe

• Zovuta :

• Nthawi yokhazikitsa nthawi yayitali

• Pamafuna ogwiritsa ntchito aluso

Tebulo lofananira: Njira Zosindikiza

Njira	Zaukadaulo	Zovuta
Kusinthasintha	Kuthamanga kwambiri, zochuluka	Kutsika kwapadera, pulota
Nyonga	Zojambula zapamwamba, zopangidwa mwatsatanetsatane	Mtengo wokwera kwambiri, osati wothamanga
Kololedwa	Khalidwe losasintha, losinthasintha	Kutalika kwakutali, ogwiritsa ntchito aluso

Njira iliyonse yosindikiza imapereka zabwino zapadera. Kusankha kumatengera zosowa zenizeni za pepala la pepala. Kusindikiza kosindikizira kwamasulidwe kambiri, pomwe amagwira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane. Kusindikiza koyenera ndi njira yoyenera yopangira ma projekiti ambiri. Kuzindikira njirazi kumathandiza posankha njira yabwino kwambiri yamapepala apamwamba.

Inks ndi zomwe zimakhudza

Mitundu ya Inks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza

M'mapepala opanga mapepala, inks osiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zinthu zapadera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito. Zikwangwani zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:

• Makuni okhazikitsidwa ndi madzi : Izi ndizodziwika bwino kwa eco. Amawuma mwachangu ndipo amatetezeka ku chilengedwe.

• Ma Inks okhazikika : opangidwa kuchokera ku soya, inks awa okhazikika ndi biodegrable. Amapereka mitundu yosangalatsa ndipo amasakaza.

• IV Inks : Kuchiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolelet, inks izi zimakhala zolimba komanso zosalimbana nazo. Ndioyenera ma prints apamwamba kwambiri.

• Ma Invent-Oftber-Oftble : Odziwika chifukwa cha kusintha kwawo komanso kutsatira, inkiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, amatulutsa anthu osasunthika.

Maganizo azachilengedwe ndi azaumoyo

Mukamasankha Inks, ndikofunikira kulingalira za chilengedwe chawo ndi thanzi. Ma inks amatha kukhudza chilengedwe ndi thanzi laumunthu:

• Mavidiyo okhazikitsidwa ndi madzi : Mainki awa ndi otsika mu ma vocs, kuwapangitsa kukhala otetezeka pachilengedwe. Amachepetsa kuipitsa mpweya ndipo sakuvulaza antchito.

• Ma Inks Okhazikika : Iwo ndi chisankho chokhazikika. Kupanga kwawo kumagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa ndipo kumapereka zodetsa zochepa.

• IV Inks : Ngakhale zolimba, zopanga za UV zimafunikira kusamalira mosamala. Kuchiritsa kumatha kubala ozone, ngozi yaumoyo.

• Ma Inventer-Okhazikika : Ma Inks ali ndi ma vocs ambiri. Amatha kuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi thanzi la ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo mavuto opuma.

Tebulo lachidule: Inks ndipo

mtundu wawo wa ink	umapindulitsa	zachilengedwe
Madzi	Eco-ochezeka, yowuma msanga	Ma voc otsika, otetezeka pachilengedwe
Soya	Mitundu yosinthika, yowoneka bwino	Zokhazikika, zodetsa zochepa
UV	Olimba, osakhazikika	Pamafunika kusungitsa mosamala, chiopsezo cha ozoni
Zosungunulira	Mosiyanasiyana, zomatira zabwino	VoCS yayikulu, kuipitsa kwa mpweya, zovuta zaumoyo

Kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za Eco Zimathandizanso kuti zikhale zotetezeka. Poganizira momwe magwiridwe onsewa ndi ofunikira posankha inki yoyenera yamapepala.

Gawo 4: Kudula ndi Kupanga

Dulani Zida

Mwachidule pamakina odulira

Makina odulira ndi ofunikira mu mapepala. Amadula mapepala akuluakulu a mapepala. Makina wamba amaphatikiza madontho abwino ndi polar. Makinawa amawonetsetsa kuti kudula koyenera komanso koyera komanso kofunikira pamatumba abwino.

Kudula mosamala komanso kufunikira kwake

Kudula molondola ndikofunikira. Zimakhudza kukula kwa thumba ndi magwiridwe antchito. Mapulani olondola onetsetsani kuti ziwalo zonse zimagwirizana moyenera. Kusankhana kotereku kumachepetsa kutaya zinyalala ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe a m'thunthu.

Mitundu yodulira

amakina	amapindulitsa	makina
Ubwino	Kulondola kwambiri, wogwiritsa ntchito	Khalidwe Losasintha, Mwachangu
Polar	Kulimba mtima	Odalirika, amagwira miyezo zosiyanasiyana

Kukulunga ndi Kupaka

Kukulunga Maluso a Matumba Osiyanasiyana a Thumba

Kukulunga ndi gawo lofunikira. Maluso osiyanasiyana amapanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a m'thumba. Zojambula wamba zimaphatikizapo:

• Khola la mbali : amapanga ma gussets kuti awonjeze voliyumu.

• Fodi Yapansi : Amapanga maziko athyathyathya.

• Khola lakumwamba : limalimbikitsa kutsegula kwa thumba.

Kukulunga koyenera kumatsimikizira mphamvu ya thumba ndi magwiridwe antchito. Khodi lililonse liyenera kukhala lolondola kuti lisasunge.

Zomatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Zomatira timalumikizana pamodzi. Ndizofunikira kuti zikhale zolimba. Zochita zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:

• Kumata Madzi : Eco-ochezeka komanso ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

• Kutentha kotentha : Kuuma kolimba komanso mwachangu, njira yothamanga kwambiri.

Izi zomatira zionetsetsa kuti chikwamacho chimangokhalabe pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kusankha zomatira zoyenera ndikofunikira kuti chikwama cha thumba.

Tebulo lachidule: Njira zopukutira ndi zomatira

njira	cholinga	chotsatira	chotsatira
Mbendera	Amapanga ma gussets a voliyumu	Madzi	Eco-ochezeka, ogwiritsa ntchito
Tsinga	Amapanga maziko okhazikika	Sungunulani	Zolimba, zowuma mwachangu
Khola	Imalimbikitsa kutsegula kwa thumba	Madzi okhazikika / otentha	Kulimbikitsidwa, Kukhazikika

Gawo 5: Kupanga ndi kumaliza

Mapangidwe a thumba

Njira yopanga masitepe

Kupanga kwa zikwama kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo:

1. Kudula pepala : Njira imayamba podula mapepala akuluakulu.

2. Kukulunga Mbali : Mbandeyo amakulungidwa kuti apange ma gussets. Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa thumba.

3. Kupanga pansi : pansi imapindidwa ndikuyipitsidwa kuti ipange kukhazikika.

4. Kutsatira mbali : Mbaliyo imayikidwa pamodzi kuti apange back.

Gawo lirilonse limafuna kulondola kuti zitsimikizire kuti thumba limakhala lopanda tanthauzo.

Kukulunga kumbali ndi mapangidwe pansi

Kukuluma kumbuyo ndi mapangidwe pansi ndizofunikira kwambiri ku umphumphu;

• Kukulunga kumbali : Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma gussets, amalola thumba kuti liwonjezere ndikugwira zinthu zambiri.

• Kupanga pansi : Kuonetsetsa kuti pali maziko olimba komanso okhazikika, gawo ili limaphatikizapo kukonzanso ndi gluing. Pansi yopangidwa bwino imasunga chikwama chowongoka ndikuchirikiza kulemera kwa zomwe zili.

Mapangidwe a

Lamalo	Phukusi
Kudula	Kusaka pepala laling'ono
Kukulunga kumbali	Kupanga ma gussets ku voliyumu
Mapangidwe pansi	Kukulunga ndi Kugwedeza pansi
Kutsatira mbali	Mbali zopanga kupanga

Kuwonjezera ma handles ndi zina

Mitundu ya mapepala

Kuwonjezera ma handles amathandizira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ikuphatikiza:

• Masewera athyathyathya : yosavuta komanso yosavuta kunyamula. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zofanana ndi thumba.

• Mahatchi opindika : olimba komanso omasuka kugwira. Opangidwa kuchokera papepala lopindika kuti liziwonjezera mphamvu.

• Masewera odulidwa : ophatikizidwa m'mapangidwe a thumba. Izi zimadulidwa mwachindunji pepalalo, nthawi zambiri limalimbikitsidwa chifukwa chokhulupirika.

Kulimbikitsidwa ndikumaliza kumakhudza

Kuonetsetsa kuti zidutswa, matumba nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsidwa ndikumaliza kukhudza:

• Zolimbitsa zolimbitsa : kuwonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito zomata. Amalepheretsa kuwononga katundu.

• Mawu apansi : owuma pamunsi, Kukulitsa kukhazikika ndikuwongolera kuthekera.

• Kusindikiza ndi Kutsatsa : Kuonjezera Logos ndi kapangidwe kake kumawonjezera mawonekedwe a thumba ndikulimbikitsa mtunduwo.

ya masitima

ndikulimbikitsidwa	Mitundu
Masikono osalala	Zosavuta, zomwezi ngati chikwama
Zopota zopota	Pepala lamphamvu, lokhazikika, lopindika
Masewera odulidwa	Zophatikizidwa, zolimbikitsidwa
Zolimbikitsidwa	Chowonjezera Mphamvu
Makunja apansi	Maziko olimba
Kusindikiza / Kutsatsa	Kumawonjezera mawonekedwe, kukwezedwa kwa Brand

Kupanga ndi kumaliza ndi zomaliza zomaliza popanga matumba apamwamba kwambiri. Gawo lirilonse, kuchokera kumbali kuti mugwire cholumikizira, onetsani chikwamacho ndi chothandiza, cholimba, komanso chowoneka bwino. Mwa kumvetsetsa njira izi, opanga amatha kupanga zikwama zodalirika komanso zowoneka bwino pepala zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana.

Kuwonjezera ma handles ndi zina

Mitundu ya mapepala

Kuwonjezera ma handles amathandizira magwiridwe antchito a mapepala. Pali mitundu ingapo yamanja:

• Masewera athyathyathya : Izi ndizosavuta komanso zothandiza. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zofanana ndi thumba. Amapanikizika mkatikati mwa thumba la mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino. Ma hacks osavuta ndi osavuta kubereka ndikuphatikiza, kuwapangitsa kukhala okwera mtengo.

• Manja opindika : Ma hafu amapangidwa kuchokera papepala lopindika. Amakhala olimba komanso omasuka kugwira. Mahatchi opindika amapangika mkati mwa thumba. Mtundu wamtunduwu umatchuka chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kukopa kukopeka.

• Masewera odulidwa : Ma hales awa amadulidwa mwachindunji m'thumba. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti apewe kusweka. Manja odulidwa amapatsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso amakono. Amapezeka m'matumba ang'onoang'ono ndi matumba amphatso.

Kufanizira kwamitundu yogwiritsira

mawu	ofotokozera	ntchito
Masikono osalala	Opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwezi ngati thumba	Zosavuta, zotsika mtengo
Zopota zopota	Opangidwa kuchokera papepala lopindika	Olimba, omasuka
Masewera odulidwa	Dulani mwachindunji m'thumba	Swala, mawonekedwe amakono

Kulimbikitsidwa ndikumaliza kumakhudza

Kulimbikitsidwa ndikuthamangira kumakopa kutsimikizika onetsetsani kuti ziwanda komanso zokoka zikwama za pepala:

• Zothandiza zolimbitsa : Zinthu zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa pomwe mapepala amapatulidwa. Izi zimalimbitsa kulumikizana ndipo kumalepheretsa kuwononga, makamaka pansi pa katundu wolemera. Zingwe zolimbitsa zolimbikitsidwa zimawonjezera chithumba cha thumba.

• Zovala zamkati : chidutswa cholimba cha makatoni chimayikidwa pansi pa thumba. Kuyika uku kumathandiza kuti chikwamacho chikhale ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo chimapereka chithandizo chowonjezereka chonyamula zinthu zolemera. Ma inclots pansi ndizothandiza kwambiri m'matumba akuluakulu.

• Kusindikiza ndi Kutsatsa : Kuonjezera Logos, kapangidwe kake, kapena zolemba zimatha kulimbikitsa chidwi cha thumba la thumba ndikulimbikitsa chizindikiro. Njira zapamwamba zosindikizira zotsimikizika zikutsimikizira mitundu yokongola komanso zithunzi zakuthwa. Mtundu wazolowezi umasintha chikho cha pepala kukhala chida chotsatsa.

Mitundu yolimbikitsira ndikumaliza imakopa

chidwi	cholinga	ndi
Zolimbikitsidwa	Limbitsani Gwiritsani Ntchito	Zimalepheretsa kuwononga
Makunja apansi	Perekani thandizo ndikusunga mawonekedwe	Amathandizira zinthu zolemera
Kusindikiza / Kutsatsa	Kukulitsa chidwi chowonekera, kulimbikitsa mtundu	Chida Chotsatsa

Kuphatikiza zinthu izi m'matumba osakhalitsa kumangosintha magwiridwe awo komanso zimapangitsa kuti azikhala okongola kwambiri kwa ogula. Posankha dzanja lamanja ndikuwonjezera mphamvu, opanga amatha kupanga zikwama zapamwamba, zolimba, komanso mapepala owoneka bwino omwe amakumana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.

3. Makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pepala

Makina opindika

Makina opindika ndizofunikira pakupanga zikwama zamapepala. Amasanduliza zida zomera, ngati nkhuni, udzu, kapena pepala lobwezerezedwanso, kulowa mkati. Zamkati izi ndi maziko a pepala.

Makina opindika

Udindo Wopanga

Makina opindika a mankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti asunthe zida zopangira. Amatulutsa zamkati zolimba, zapamwamba kwambiri pochotsa Lignin.

Mitundu Yodziwika

• Makina opindika : amagwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide ndi sodium sulfide. Amapanga zamkati zolimba.

• Makina a sulfa : gwiritsani ntchito sulfurous acid. Amapanga zosinthika kwambiri, koma zosakhalitsa zamkati.

Mau abwino

• Amatulutsa pepala lamphamvu, labwino kwambiri.

• Amachotsa livin, yothandizana.

ZOSANGALATSA

• Amapanga zinyalala zamankhwala.

• Mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zofunikira.

kwa Chemical Play

Kukoka	Production
Zolemba zopangira	Zida zopangira zimadyetsedwa mu dimba.
Kuphika Mankhwala	Mankhwala amaphwanya liggen ndi ulusi.
Kuchotsa zamkati	Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zibweretsedwe ndikutsukidwa.

Makina ojambula pamakina

Udindo Wopanga

Makina opindika makina opera zinthu zopangira zamkati popanda mankhwala. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri koma zimatulutsa zamkati.

Mitundu Yodziwika

• Makina amiyala (sgw) makina : opera nkhuni ku miyala yozungulira.

• Repiner makina a zamkati (RMP) makina : Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo kuti muyeretse zamkati.

Mau abwino

• Okwera mtengo kwambiri.

• Zokolola zapamwamba kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira.

ZOSANGALATSA

• 'Pepala lofooka, pepala lolimba.

• Imasunganso livin.

kukoka

masitepe	Makina
Zolemba zopangira	Mitengo yamitengo imatsekedwa ndikudulidwa.
Pogalu	Tchipisi ndi pansi mwamphamvu.
Kuchotsa zamkati	Zamkati zimawonetsedwa ndikutsukidwa.

Makina ojambula ndi makina ndi makina ali ofunikira m'mapepala. Kukoka kwa mankhwala ndikwabwino m'matumba apamwamba, pomwe kukokoloka kwamakina ndi mtengo wofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa.

Mwachidule pamakina akulu okwera

Makina akuluakulu akulu ndi ofunikira pakusintha zamkati kukhala mapepala opitilira mapepala. Makinawa amagwira kuchuluka kwa zamkati ndikupanga pepala labwino kwambiri.

Zigawo zazikulu ndi ntchito

• Mutu : amagawika zamkati pazenera losunthira.

• Gawo la waya : limapanga pepala pochotsa madzi.

• Press Gawo : Amagwiritsa ntchito othamanga kufinya madzi owonjezera.

• Gawo louma : limagwiritsa ntchito masilinda otenthetsa kuti mupume.

• Reel : amagudubuza pepala lomalizidwa ku ndulu yayikulu kuti mukonzenso.

Makina osindikiza

Osindikiza

Osindikiza osindikiza pafupipafupi amagwiritsa ntchito ma mbale osinthika kuti asamutsa inki mpaka pepala. Ndiwo njira yabwino kwambiri yothamanga kwambiri, yosindikiza.

• Ubwino : Mwachangu, wachuma, zoyenera ma inks osiyanasiyana.

• Zovuta : Kusindikiza kotsika poyerekeza ndi njira zina.

Osindikiza Osindikiza

Makina osindikizira osindikizira amagwiritsa ntchito masilinda olembedwa kuti asamuke ik. Amapanga zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zili bwino kwambiri.

• Ubwino : Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, woyenera kupangidwa mwatsatanetsatane.

• Mavuto : Ndalama zokhazikika, zowoneka bwino kuti ziziyenda pang'ono.

Osindikiza Osewera Ofwiti

Osindikiza Omwe Osindikiza Omwe Amasamutsa Ink Kuchokera pa mbale ku bulangeti la mphira, kenako papepala. Njirayi imapereka zosindikiza zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba.

• Ubwino : Wosinthasintha, wokwera mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

• STRAST : Nthawi yokhazikitsa, imafuna ogwiritsa ntchito aluso.

Makina

Printer	Kufanizira	Kusindikiza
Kusinthasintha	Zosafulumira, zachuma, zosinthasintha	Mtundu wotsika
Nyonga	Zojambula zapamwamba, zopangidwa mwatsatanetsatane	Mtengo wokwera kwambiri
Kololedwa	Khalidwe losasintha, losinthasintha	Nthawi yayitali yokhazikitsa, ogwiritsa ntchito aluso

Makina odulira

Odula a Guilotine

Odula a Guellotine amagwiritsa ntchito tsamba lowongoka kuti adule mapepala akuluakulu. Ndizomveka bwino komanso zothandiza.

• Udindo : Kudula mapepala akulu molondola.

• Ubwino : Kulondola kwambiri, kosavuta kugwira ntchito.

Makina odulira afa

Makina odulira afa amagwiritsa ntchito chizolowezi chodulidwa kuchokera papepala. Ndizofunikira pakupanga mapangidwe apadera a thumba.

• Udindo : Kudula mawonekedwe.

• Ubwino : Wosinthasintha, woyenera mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.

Makina opukutira ndi magetsi

Makina opangira zitsulo zosiyanasiyana

Makina opukusira amapanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a thumba popukutira mapepala ndendende. Amasamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagulu ena a thumba.

• Udindo : Kukulunga pepala kukhala mawonekedwe a chikwama.

• Ubwino : Zida zolondola, mapangidwe osinthika.

Makina a Gluing kuti azigwirizana kwambiri

Makina a gaunda amagwiritsa ntchito zomatira kuti zigwirizane ndi ziwalo zam'madzi. Amatsimikiza zolimba, zolimba.

• Udindo : Kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira ndi zolumikizana.

• Ubwino : Mgwirizano wamphamvu, kuyanika.

Makina Opanga Makina

Makina opanga thumba

Makina opanga thumba amagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira matumba kuchokera pamapepala. Amaphatikiza kudula, kupukuta, ndi gwing m'njira imodzi.

• Udindo : Tsamba Lothandiza.

• Ubwino : Kuchita bwino, kusasinthika.

Makina owonjezera ma handles ndikumaliza

Makinawa amawonjezera masitima ndi zomaliza zokhudza matumba. Amawonetsetsa kuti matumba ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yapadera.

• Udindo : Kuwonjezera ma hardles, kumaliza kukhudzana.

• Ubwino : Amatsiriza njira yopanga chikwama.

Chidule cha makina mu

makina opanga	mapepala	mapepala opanga
Makina opanga mapepala	Sinthani zamkati mu pepala	Mapepala othandiza, apamwamba kwambiri
Osindikiza	Kuthamanga kwambiri, chosindikizira chachikulu	Kusala kudya, zachuma
Osindikiza Osindikiza	Zosindikiza zapamwamba kwambiri	Zambiri, mtundu
Osindikiza Osewera Ofwiti	Zosindikizidwa, zosindikizidwa kwambiri	Mosiyanasiyana, okwera mtengo
Odula a Guilotine	Kudula kolondola kwa ma sheet akuluakulu	Kulondola kwambiri, koyenera
Makina odulira afa	Kudula mawonekedwe	Masitepe osiyanasiyana
Makina	Kukulunga pepala mu ditolo	Mapangidwe olondola, osinthika
Makina a Gluing	Kutsatira zomatira zomangira	Zomangira zolimba, zowuma mwachangu
Makina opanga thumba	Chilengedwe Choyendetsa	Kuchita bwino, kusasinthasintha
Makina owonjezera ma handles	Kuwonjezera ma handles ndikumaliza kumakhudza	Kumaliza Kupanga Njira

Makinawa amasewera maudindo ophatikizika pakupanga zikwama zapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyambira pokonzekera, makina aliwonse amatsimikizira kuchita bwino ndi kuchita bwino.

Mapeto

Kubwezeretsanso njira yopanga thumba

Ulendo wa zikwama umayamba ndi zopangira. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhuni, udzu, ndikubwezeretsanso pepala. Gawo loyamba ndikukoka, pomwe njira zamankhwala kapena makina zimasinthira zopangira mu zamkati.

Kenako, zamkati zimapangidwa m'mapepala pogwiritsa ntchito makina apamwamba kwambiri. Makinawa amaphatikiza zigawo zazikulu ngati bokosi la mutu, gawo la waya, gawo lakani, ndi gawo lowuma.

Pepala likapangidwa, limasindikizidwa. Kusinthasintha, kuwononga, ndi osindikiza ozungulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kapangidwe kake ndi zosowa zambiri. Njira iliyonse ili ndi mapindu ake apadera ndi ntchito zake.

Makina odulira kenako anadula pepalalo mwachindunji. Makina odula ndi makina osenda amafa ndi ofunikira kuti muchepetse. Makina opukutidwa ndi glung amatsatira, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyambira m'matumba. Makinawa amawonetsetsa zokhoma zolondola ndi zinsinsi zomatira kwambiri.

Pomaliza, akupanga makina amakonzekeza msonkhano wa matumba. Amaphatikizapo njira zowonjezera ma hards ndi kukhudza kwina kotsiriza. Masitepe awa amaliza kusinthika kuchokera ku zinthu zosaphika kuti mutsirizidwe.

Malingaliro omaliza pamapepala opanga pepala

Kupanga pepala kuli ndi phindu la chilengedwe. Ndiwo biodegrable ndikubwezeretsanso, kuchepetsa zinyalala pulasitiki. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokonzanso ngati matabwa komanso pepala lobwezerezedwanso limathandiza kuti azisunga zachilengedwe.

Tsogolo la pepala la pepala limawoneka lolonjeza. Zizindikiro zimangoyang'ana kwambiri komanso kuchita bwino. Kupita patsogolo m'makina ndi zida zomwe zimayendetsa bizinesi kutsogolo. Njira yolowera ku Eco-ochezeka imapitilirabe.

Ogula amakonda zikwama za pepala chifukwa cha phindu lawo. Mabizinesi akuwatenganso kuti azilimbikitsa chithunzi chobiriwira. Ponseponse, matumba a pepala amayimira chisankho chokhazikika pofunafuna zosowa zapakhomo.